Getting by with a little help from my friends…and family: immigrants and carpooling

While much of the scholarly literature on immigrants’ travel focuses on transit use, the newest arrivals to the United States make over twelve times as many trips by carpool as by transit. Using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey and multinomial logit mode choice models, we examine the determinants of carpooling. In particular, we focus on the likelihood of carpooling among immigrants—carpooling both within and across households. After controlling for relevant determinants of carpooling, we find that immigrants are far more likely to form household carpools than native-born adults and also are more likely than the native-born to form external carpools (outside the household). Moreover, when faced with the options of carpooling and public transit, immigrants—even recent arrivals—appear to prefer carpools over transit more strongly than the native born.     

地铁列车模块化再生制动能量回馈变流器的研制

分析了地铁再生制动能量逆变回馈系统的工作原理,给出了基于多模块并联的地铁再生制动回馈变流器主回路设计及控制策略设计方法,并完成了样机的研制和试验。试验结果表明:该装置满足地铁列车再生制动能量的吸收利用及稳定牵引网电压的要求,可以实现交直流侧直接并联,其均流精度高、高频环流小、冗余度高。     

32/44CR-全电控共轨中速柴油机

本文简要介绍了MAN Diesel公司的共轨燃油喷射系统在中速柴油机上的应用,分析了该共轨燃油喷射系统的三个基本特点:共轨;电控;重油。同时对该共轨系统的安全性进行了阐述。     

Tire Lateral Force Estimation Using Kalman Filter

As for the tire analysis, lateral tire force is a fundamental factor that describes the stability of vehicle handling. Attempts to analyze the vehicle stability have been made based on various objective test methods and some specific factors such as yaw, lateral acceleration and roll angle. However, the problem to identify which axle is lack of the tire grip at a certain situation still remains. Since indoor tire force measurement system cannot represent a real road and vehicle conditions, tire force measurement through a real vehicle test is inevitable. Due to the high price of the tire force measurement device, tire force estimator can be an alternative toward cost reduction and device failure. In this paper, nonlinear planar full car model combined with tire model is proposed. Then, using discrete-time extended Kalman-Bucy filter (EKBF), individual tire lateral force are estimated with modified relaxation length model.     

Monolithic coupling of the pressure and rigid body motion equations in computational marine hydrodynamics

In Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI) problems encountered in marine hydrodynamics, the pressure field and the velocity of the rigid body are tightly coupled. This coupling is traditionally resolved in a partitioned manner by solving the rigid body motion equations once per nonlinear correction loop, updating the position of the body and solving the fluid flow equations in the new configuration. The partitioned approach requires a large number of nonlinear iteration loops per time–step. In order to enhance the coupling, a monolithic approach is proposed in Finite Volume(FV) framework,where the pressure equation and the rigid body motion equations are solved in a single linear system. The coupling is resolved by solving the rigid body motion equations once per linear solver iteration of the pressure equation, where updated pressure field is used to calculate new forces acting on the body, and by introducing the updated rigid body boundary velocity in to the pressure equation. In this paper the monolithic coupling is validated on a simple 2D heave decay case. Additionally, the method is compared to the traditional partitioned approach(i.e. "strongly coupled" approach) in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. The comparison is performed on a seakeeping case in regular head waves, and it shows that the monolithic approach achieves similar accuracy with fewer nonlinear correctors per time–step. Hence, significant savings in computational time can be achieved while retaining the same level of accuracy.     

资源型城市经济转型的国际经验和对我国的启示

资源型城市经济转型是一个国际性问题.各国资源型城市的经济转型由于所处国家的国情和历史阶段不同,采取的方法各异,但仍存在一些具有共性的做法.本文试图通过分析资源型城市经济转型的国际经验,来探寻适应市场经济规律、符合我国国情的资源型城市经济转型之路.     

妊娠大鼠对急性心肌缺血损伤的反应及其机制

目的探讨妊娠鼠是否比正常生理状态能更好地耐受心肌缺血损伤以及发生的可能机制。方法雌性SD大鼠20只,早孕SD大鼠10只,分为正常对照组、未孕心梗组及早孕心梗组,于造模后3周使用Image 1.31软件,测量心肌梗死范围。使用powerLAB 4.12系统进行血流动力学测量,并应用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,Massion染色观察心肌胶元。结果早孕心梗组梗死范围为28.86%,未孕心梗组为36.8%。早孕心梗组心肌梗死范围较未孕心梗组明显减小;心梗3周后早孕心梗组左室收缩末压下降及左室舒张末压升高均较未孕心梗组为轻。两组凋亡指数比较早孕心梗组凋亡指数明显高于未孕心梗组。Massion染色显示:早孕心梗组心肌胶元含量明显较未孕心梗组少。结论妊娠对大鼠急性心肌缺血损伤有保护作用。     

基于Smart Client的工程管理信息系统框架分析

随着中国基础建设高峰到来,工程项目管理信息系统(PM IS)必将是大型基建工程项目管理的重要手段。阐述了基于Smart C lient模式PM IS的优点,并着重分析系统基本框架,提出了一般性设计原则,为PM IS开辟一条全新的研发思路。     

Automatic software install/update for embedded Linux

Linux has a special feature of automount in the Linux kernel. Filesystem can be mounted and unmounted automatically. Its performance is similar to MS Windows. It works well under demands of more saving resources and automatization, like memory of system. An approach to install/update software automatically on embedded platform was proposed. This approach derives from above feature based on embedded environment with Linux OS. Configurations of files related to this feature were introduced. An example in practice was given to realize this approach from universal serial bus （USB） memory disk when USB disk is available.     

A secure trust model for P2P systems based on trusted computing

Trust is one of the most important security requirements in the design and implementation of peer-to-peer （P2P） systems. In an environment where peers＇ identity privacy is important, it may conflict with trustworthiness that is based on the knowledge related to the peer＇s identity, while identity privacy is usually achieved by hiding such knowledge. A trust model based on trusted computing （TC） technology was proposed to enhance the identity privacy of peers during the trustworthiness evaluation process between peers from different groups. The simulation results show that, the model can be implemented in an efficient way, and when the degree of anonymity within group （DAWG） is up to 0.6 and the percentage of malicious peers is up to 70%7 the service selection failure rate is less than 0.15.