High-frequency random vibration analysis of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads using a hybrid SEM–SM method

A hybrid Spectral Element Method (SEM)–Symplectic Method(SM) method for high-efficiency computation of the high-frequency random vibrations of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads is presented. First, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) formula and Fractional Derivative Zener (FDZ) model were, respectively, applied for prediction and representation of the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of Vossloh 300 rail pads frequently used in China's high-speed railway. Then, the proposed hybrid SEM–SM method was used to investigate the influence of the frequency-dependent dynamic performance of Vossloh 300 rail pads on the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems at various train speeds or different levels of rail surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the storage stiffness and loss factors of Vossloh 300 rail pad increase with the decrease in dynamic loads or the increase in preloads within 0.1–10,000?Hz at 20°C, and basically linearly increase with frequency in a logarithmic coordinate system. The results computed by the hybrid SEM–SM method demonstrate that the frequency-dependent viscous damping of Vossloh 300 rail pads, compared with its constant viscous damping and frequency-dependent stiffness, has a much more conspicuous influence on the medium-frequency (i.e. 20–63?Hz) random vibrations of car bodies and rail fasteners, and on the mid- (i.e. 20–63?Hz) and high-frequency (i.e. 630–1250?Hz) random vibrations of bogies, wheels and rails, especially with the increase in train speeds or the deterioration of rail surface roughness. The two sensitive frequency bands can also be validated by frequency response function (FRF) analysis of the proposed infinite rail–fastener model. The mid and high frequencies influenced by the frequency-dependent viscous damping of rail pads are exactly the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and wheel rolling noise caused by high-speed railways, respectively. Even though the existing time-domain (or frequency-domain) finite track models associated with the time-domain (or frequency-domain) fractional derivative viscoelastic (FDV) models of rail pads can also be used to reach the same conclusions, the hybrid SEM–SM method in which only one element is required to compute the high-order vibration modes of infinite rail is more appropriate for high-efficiency analysis of the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems.     

国内外摩托车ABS制动系统测试方法介绍(1)

随着摩托车行业的发展,人们越来越注重摩托车的安全性能,摩托车制动系统作为衡量摩托车安全性能的关键指标,成为各大摩托车企业关注和科研投入的重点课题,ABS防抱制动系统作为高级制动系统,已经逐渐应用在了中高端摩托车上,随着新系统的应用,世界各国和地区的检测标准也在不断更新,本文重点介绍国内外摩托车ABS制动标准的主要内容和差异,以供大家参考.     

国内外摩托车ABS制动系统测试方法介绍(2)

(上接2015年第5期) d)故障诊断性能:车辆ABS系统的功能状况指示装置应满足GB 15365-2008标准要求,指示符号颜色应为黄色,故障诊断性能检验可通过人为制造ABS系统电源和(或)某个电子控制器断路,使ABS装置失效,目测是否有光学警告信号传递给驾驶员,并确保在白天可见. e) ABS装置失效时制动性能:在ABS装置失效情况下,应在高附着系数路面上进行1次满载状态的干式制动试验,非联动的单独前制动、单独后制动及联动车辆的制动性能要求是相同的,需满足GB 20073-2006标准A.2.1.2.2中满载状态干式单独后轮制动限值要求,如表5所示.     

公共交通综合枢纽投融资模式的研究

主要根据公共交通综合枢纽场站的开发模式、盈利模式和运营管理模式等特点,提出了三种适合公共交通综合枢纽场站建设的融资模式,分别为公私合营(PPP)、建设—移交(BT)、资产证券化(ABS)。通过案例分析对某采用BT的融资模式的公共交通综合枢纽站进行经济评估表明,公共交通综合枢纽站通过吸引民间资本参与枢纽项目的建设和管理,将有利于缓解政府资金压力,提高开发商的经营利润,分散政府和开发商在建设运营项目中带来的风险,实现二者之间的互利共赢。     

高速公路最佳建设时机选择方法的研究

高速公路建设时机对于促进区域经济发展,提高投资资金的使用价值有着重要的意义。目前,我国在高速公路建设项目的决策中往往注重效益的大小,而忽视了对最佳建设时机的选择。提出使用蒙特卡洛风险模拟法和分散算法求解高速公路建设项目在不确定条件下实现国民经济净现值最大的建设时机,并与项目在确定性条件下国民经济净现值大于0和国民经济净现值实现最大时的净现值进行对比。通过案例分析,结果表明,当目标函数为不确定条件下国民经济净现值最大时,能够实现项目投资效益的最大化。     

石家庄六线隧道模型试验相似材料研究

满足相似关系的模型材料是模型试验成功的关键。在调研相似材料研究现状的基础上,依托石家庄六线隧道模型试验项目,应用量纲分析法推导出了相关参数的相似判据。根据相似原则,以粘聚力和摩擦角为主要相似判据,选用重晶石粉、石英砂和凡士林的混合物为模型材料,通过正交设计法研制出了地层相似材料。以抗压强度为相似判据,选用石膏材料为模型材料,研制出了灌注桩和锚索注浆体相似材料。     

Monte Carlo simulation of B2-L2<Subscript>1</Subscript> ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al alloy systems

The B2-L2₁ ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al shape-memory alloys are studied by the Monte Carlo exchange simulations, where a set of the first, the second and the third nearest-neighbor mixing potentials for Cu-Al in the Au-Cu-Al alloys are calculated from first principals using the Connolly-Williams methods. To ensure the phase stability of the β-Au-Cu-Al, the investigation includes the range of compositions Au₂Cu_1−x Al_1+x (−0.15 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.15). The B2-L2₁ transition temperatures are predicted, and are in agreement with the experimental results. The atomic ordering around vacancy of the L2₁ structure is further discussed.     

Multi-element ultrasound phased array applicator for the ablation of deep-seated tissue

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has attracted increasing interests as a promising noninvasive modality for the treatment of deep tumors in the thoracic and abdominal cavity. A 90-element HIFU spherical phased array applicator operated at 1MHz has been developed for deep tissue ablation. The spherical array with a 5 cm wide central hole has a 21 cm diameter and an 18 cm radius of curvature. Annular element distribution with unequal element spacing is used to reduce the number of elements. The array is constructed with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT-8) circular elements that are 1.4 cm in diameter and have a wall with thickness of 0.2 cm. The array offers an effective ablating depth of at least 8 cm in the tissue for both simulations and ex vivo experiments. The simulations demonstrate that the developed array can steer the focus with good quality of intensity distributions up to 6mm off center over ranges from 17 to 21 cm when the water depth is set at 11 cm. We also present the beam focusing capability in deep tissue through a series of ex vivo experiments by measuring discoloration areas after sonications. These results indicate that the developed array is ideal for the ablation of deep-seated tissue.     

Optimization of pellet production process parameters in grate using simulation results

The objective of this paper is to optimize the parameters of pellet drying and preheating process in grate. A mathematical model of drying and preheating is developed, and is verified by the experiments. Further, the operating parameters of wind temperature, wind speed, grate speed and bed depth etc. are investigated through the orthogonal method using the simulation results. And a relationship of drying, preheating effects and operating parameters is achieved. The results show that the optimization effect can be achieved in the given range when air velocity is about 3.0 m/s and temperature is about 300, 500, 800, and 1 100 °C in the updraft drying zone, downdraft drying zone, preheating I zone, and preheating II zone respectively. The work is help for saving energy and reducing emissions in pellet induration.     

An information-based color feature representation and its application in detecting adult images

For many image classification tasks, color histogram is usually employed as an important “signature” to describe the color distribution of the image and infer the image content. However, most traditional color histograms cannot achieve satisfactory results in many image classification systems. In order to improve the accuracy and reduce the computational complexity of the classification task, an information-based color feature representation is proposed in this paper. The mutual information between the feature and the class label is adopted to evaluate the discriminative power of the feature. A novel quantization scheme is presented, which removes the redundant color components and combines the adjacent components together to generate a new feature to maximize the discriminative ability. An iterative algorithm is performed to derive the color space quantization and color feature generation. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed color representation, a specific image classification task, i.e., differentiating the adult images from benign ones, is employed. Experimental results show that our color feature achieves better classification performance and better efficiency compared with the traditional color histogram.