Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

钢吊箱围堰结构设计与施工技术研究

钢吊箱围堰是为承台施工而设计的临时阻水结构,其作用是通过钢吊箱围堰的侧板和底板或底板上的封底混凝土围水,为承台施工提供无水的干体作业环境。以武汉白沙洲大桥为例,针对钢吊箱围堰结构设计与施工中存在的问题展开研究,并提出解决方案。     

基于XML工艺全域信息模型的CAPP与PDM集成技术研究

采用XML技术进行系统集成具有平台无关性和良好的可移植性,是目前实现CAPP与PDM集成的首选技术,针对现有XML工艺信息模型中无法表示工艺卡片样式的问题,提出了通过虚拟打印的方式将工艺卡片转换成PDF格式文件,并通过BASE64编码将其嵌入到XML工艺信息模型中的方法,通过该方法构建的XML工艺全域信息模型可以表示任...     

基于二值图像处理技术的砂土颗粒统计方法

砂土具有压硬性、剪胀性、各向异性等力学性质,实质上是受其内部的细观结构的影响.利用试验和数值统计相结合的手段对砂土颗粒进行统计、细观结构进行量化分析,有利于深入研究砂土变形机理.文中基于数字图像中的二值图像处理技术,采用八邻域搜索和聚类方法实现了连通域的搜索和砂土颗粒的统计.结果表明该方法能较好地统计出染色砂土颗粒的个数和颗粒的分布情况,为进一步研究砂土内部结构性质变化与颗粒变化的内在联系奠定基础,对研究不同状态下的砂土微观结构的性质变化具有重要意义.     

46m对江双体车客渡船

本船为车、客混装的营运性质的双体车客渡船,航行于长江A级航区,航线为张家港市金港镇至双山岛,航行时间5min左右,属第5类中型客船。该船可装载12辆小轿车、1辆标准东风卡车及散客385人;当只载客时,最大载客量可达582人。     

A new method for absolute datum transfer in seafloor control network measurement

To decrease the time consumption and the labor intensity in the absolute datum transfer of traditional seafloor control network measurement, a new method, namely sailing-circle positioning method, is put forward in this paper. First, the traditional intersection positioning model is improved by considering the equivalent sound velocity profile error as an unknown parameter in the adjustment model. Second, the effect of geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) on positioning accuracy is analyzed. By seeking for the minimum of GDOP, it is concluded that the absolute datum transfer can achieve the highest accuracy in the condition of sailing along a circle relative to other sailing paths. Moreover, the optimal radius of the circle for the accurate datum transfer is also given out. Besides, the correlation between the accuracy of datum transfer and the sound velocity error in this method is analyzed. Finally, the new method was tested and verified by the experiments in Songhua lake with the water depth of 60 m and in South China sea with the water depth of 2000 m, respectively. These experiment results show that the new method can improve the accuracy and efficiency of traditional datum transfer method significantly.     

Neptune轮机模拟器的功能及应用

介绍了NORCON公司研发的Neptune模拟器的主要功能及功能的设计方案,剖析了其搭建框架,分析其故障设置及评分体系的机理,从而阐述了先进模拟器的现状、发展水平及趋势。     

Black-box modeling of ship manoeuvring motion based on feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function

Based on polynomial interpolation and approximation theory, a novel feed-forward neural network, the feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function, is proposed for black-box modeling of ship manoeuvring motion. The neural model adopts a three-layer structure, in which the hidden layer neurons are activated by a group of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial activation functions and the other two layers’ neurons use identity mapping as activation functions. Weight update formulas are derived by employing the standard back-propagation (BP) training method. With the simulated 15º/15º zigzag test data as input and calculated values of the hydrodynamic forces and moment as output, the feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function and the BP neural network are applied to identify the nonlinear functions in the nonlinear hydrodynamic model of ship manoeuvring motion. With the simulated 20º/20º zigzag test data and 35º turning test data as input, the hydrodynamic forces and moment are predicted by using the identified nonlinear functions. Comparison between the calculated and predicted hydrodynamic forces and moment shows that the feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function is superior to the BP neural network in identifying the nonlinear functions of the nonlinear hydrodynamic model of ship manoeuvring motion and is an effective method to conduct the black-box modeling of ship manoeuvring motion.     

鼠笼式拖动电机变极调速原理及分析

三相异步鼠笼式电机具有构造简单,工作可靠性高的优点,因而在船舶电力拖动系统中应用很广泛,其调速主要采用变极调速法。本文通过介绍常用变极调速应用原理及分析,得出各变极调速的性能特点,从而为我们根据实际工作情况和电动机的运行特点选择合适的变极调速法提供了依据。     

基于对消方法的变频装置试验平台

本文提出了一种变频装置对消的试验平台,属于逆变模块测试技术领域,特别是涉及一种逆变模块试验平台,以两台H桥逆变模块为例,分析设计了对消方法,建立电压电流的基波数学模型,并完成主要电气参数电感值的计算.介绍了基于该方法搭建的变频装置试验平台的组成.采用两组逆变模块对消的方式,在中间电感配置固定的情况下,可以通过调节调制比...