发动机活塞用不含镍的铝合金

<正> 汽车发动机活塞铸造用铝合金在工作温度范围内必须有较高的静力强度、动力强度和疲劳强度,同时温度膨胀系数低,耐磨性高,耐热性强。铝硅合金能在最大程度上满足上述要求。目前在苏联最普遍获得推广使用的有:КС245、АЛ30和АК10M2H牌号的合金(含硅13％以下),这些合金适用于制造柴油机的活塞,而AЛ25合金则可应用于制造拖拉机上柴油机的活塞。     

考虑不确定性因素的路径优化(英文)

A route optimization methodology in the frame of an onboard decision support/guidance system for the ship’s master has been developed and is presented in this paper.The method aims at the minimization of the fuel voyage cost and the risks related to the ship’s seakeeping performance expected to be within acceptable limits of voyage duration.Parts of this methodology were implemented by interfacing alternative probability assessment methods,such as Monte Carlo,first order reliability method(FORM) and second order reliability method(SORM),and a 3-D seakeeping code,including a software tool for the calculation of the added resistance in waves of NTUA-SDL.The entire system was integrated within the probabilistic analysis software PROBAN.Two of the main modules for the calculation of added resistance and the probabilistic assessment for the considered seakeeping hazards with respect to exceedance levels of predefined threshold values are herein elaborated and validation studies proved their efficiency in view of their implementation into an on-board optimization system.     

双平面焊接圆管截面DKT节点的中心撑杆鞍点及冠点位置的应力集中系数(英文)

A set of parametric stress analyses was carried out for two-planar tubular DKT-joints under different axial loading conditions.The analysis results were used to present general remarks on the effects of the geometrical parameters on stress concentration factors(SCFs) at the inner saddle,outer saddle,and crown positions on the central brace.Based on results of finite element(FE) analysis and through nonlinear regression analysis,a new set of SCF parametric equations was established for fatigue design purposes.An assessment study of equations was conducted against the experimental data and original SCF database.The satisfaction of acceptance criteria proposed by the UK Department of Energy(UK DoE) was also checked.Results of parametric study showed that highly remarkable differences exist between the SCF values in a multi-planar DKT-joint and the corresponding SCFs in an equivalent uni-planar KT-joint having the same geometrical properties.It can be clearly concluded from this observation that using the equations proposed for uni-planar KT-connections to compute the SCFs in multi-planar DKT-joints will lead to either considerably under-predicting or over-predicting results.Hence,it is necessary to develop SCF formulae specially designed for multi-planar DKT-joints.Good results of equation assessment according to UK DoE acceptance criteria,high values of correlation coefficients,and the satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed equations and the experimental data guarantee the accuracy of the equations.Therefore,the developed equations can be reliably used for fatigue design of offshore structures.     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

铝锂合金激光焊接时采用添加材料的效果

本文研究了B-1461和B-1469铝锂合金用激光焊方法完成焊接接头的组织形成特点和性能。业已证明,使用经稀土金属合金化的Al-Cu系添加材料,可以改善焊缝的成型,降低沿晶界形成气孔型缺陷的概率,提高焊接接头的机械性能。对焊接接头进行完全热处理可以保证提高它们的强度性能至基体金属强度的0.9。     

商用车发动机用双联外齿轮可调式机油泵

内燃机采用体积流量可调式机油泵供给润滑油,可降低燃油耗和二氧化碳排放高达3％。这种可调式机油泵在轿车发动机上已获得广泛的应用,未来这种趋势也将扩展到商用车发动机上。为此,德国IFM发动机技术公司开发了一种新型可调式机油泵,它能满足商用车的特殊要求。     

提高交流制电力机车的功率因数

传统的相控调压交流制电力机车采用平滑调节直流换向器电动机电压,机车粘着利用率高,但其固有缺点是功率因数较低.文章比较了几种无功功率补偿方法的优缺点.提出了用混合式滤波器来提高功率因数的方法,并进行了模拟试验.结果证明,采用混合式滤波器对于提高电力机车功率因数和降低电网电流和电压波形畸变,有明显效果.     

车轮硬度的提高

介绍了对客货车辆车轮运用中造成各种类型损坏的统计分析，揭示了片面提钢轨头部硬度使轮轨系统造急剧损坏的教训，通过轮轨硬度的对比分析和试验研究，阐述了采用车轮轮辋淬火提高硬度、使之保持略高于钢轨头部硬度的水平，从而提高车轮的耐久性，延长使用寿命的方法。     

俄罗斯货车用弹性胶泥缓冲器的研究

介绍俄罗斯货车用缓冲器的研究情况，重点介绍弹性胶泥缓冲器的特性。