单曲率船体外板电磁感应加热弯曲成型工艺规划

以18.000 mm厚的船用AH36钢板为研究对象，开展电磁感应加热弯曲成型试验并测量板材的瞬态温度，采用手持式三维扫描仪获取板材点云数据，利用后处理软件得到板材面外弯曲变形云图。基于热-弹-塑性有限元分析，模拟板材电磁感应加热弯曲成型过程，温度和面外弯曲变形计算结果与测量数据较吻合，验证建立的数值模型的准确性。基于高通量的有限元分析，建立热源移动速度与横向弯曲角度的数学关系。针对单曲率板材，提出内接折线法和外切折线法拟合板材弯曲形状，给出相应的板材加热线位置和热源移动速度等工艺参数，进行热-弹-塑性有限元分析。计算结果表明，由提出的两种方法得到的面外弯曲变形均与目标曲率板的弯曲形状相吻合，证明内接折线法和外切折线法应用于实际工程的可行性。     

Influence of external restraint distribution on welding buckling of thin plate butt joint北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］It is easy to produce buckling distortion when welding thin plate butt joints, which affects the construction period, cost and performance, but this can be controlled by applying external restraints. ［Methods ］ First, a butt welding test of a thin plate under external restraints is carried out, and the out-of-plane deformation is measured by the optical surface scanning method. At the same time, finite element (FE) models in a free state and external restraint state are established, and the thermal mechanical phenomena of the two models are subjected to thermal-elastic-plastic FE analysis (TEP FE). The influence of different external restraint distributions on the welding buckling distortion of the joints is then studied, and reasons for controlling welding buckling distortion are analyzed from the perspective of longitudinal plastic strain and longitudinal contraction force.［Results ］ The out-of-plane deformation of the corresponding model is in good agreement with the measured results, and milder than the out-of-plane deformation of the model in a free state. When external restraints are applied, the longitudinal plastic strain of the weld and its adjacent metal decreases, and the longitudinal contraction force of the thin plate also decreases.［Conclusions ］ The results verify that external restraints can effectively control welding buckling distortion, and the control effects are different depending on the external restraint distribution. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

基于压条拘束的薄板接头焊接失稳控制

将焊接试验与数值模拟相结合，对采用压条拘束控制的2种典型焊接接头失稳变形机理进行了研究。基于热-弹-塑性有限元方法，分别再现5mm厚对接接头和T型接头在常规自由态和压条拘束下的焊接过程，将2种接头计算得到的面外变形与焊接试验后测量的面外变形进行对比，从而验证所采用的有限元计算方法的准确性。分别计算对接接头与T型接头在不同压条拘束距离下的面外变形，并分析拘束距离对2种接头焊接失稳变形的控制效果；比较不同拘束距离下接头的焊接温度场及固有变形，阐明压条拘束控制2种焊接接头失稳变形的机理。结果表明：施加压条拘束使对接接头的纵向固有收缩和横向固有弯曲均减小，从而控制其焊接失稳变形；T型接头施加压条拘束后，几乎不影响纵向固有收缩，但使得横向固有弯曲显著减小，从而达到控制焊接失稳变形的效果。     

基于线性逼近的感应加热弯曲成形工艺及其应用

采用高频感应加热装置进行热弯成形试验，得到典型的单曲率板。通过高效的热-弹-塑性有限元计算，再现板材热弯成形的温度场特征和力学响应。同时，研究感应加热过程中的工艺参数对板材弯曲变形的影响，提出线性逼近迭代二分法和迭代0.618法，确定板材实际加热中的加热线位置和感应加热速度，并对其进行有限元分析。研究结果表明：采用规划的工艺参数进行热-弹-塑性有限元分析，得到的面外弯曲变形和面内收缩均与目标曲率板相吻合；线性逼近迭代二分法和迭代0.618法应用在感应加热单曲率热弯成形中具有良好的可行性和准确性，可供曲板热弯工艺的规划参考。