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A cluster-based organization with two phases to separate priority calculation and network activity operations is developed. In the election-state phase, clusters are organized by those nodes with sufficient residual energy level (REL) that are distributed as evenly as possible in the network. For each network round, each node decides its role (such as, cluster header (CH) or a normal node) and its priority level for activity operation. The priority level also affects the active/sleep scheduling in the node. In the steady-state phase, the positive priority levels of active nodes determine their activity order to avoid transmission collision, and to reduce redundant data transmission and sensing coverage. Since the data reporting to the sink is usually performed by a CH delivery chain, subsidiary CHs are selected to assist with data delivery and to share the loading of CHs. The formulae for computing priority levels are analyzed and verified by the examples with valid parameters. The experimental results show that the two phases efficiently consume node energy and achieve energy savings. 相似文献
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为提高高速公路隧道衬砌病害预防与治理效果,对高速公路隧道衬砌病害类型、成因与治理措施等进行分析。隧道衬砌病害类型主要包括裂缝、渗漏、剥落、变形、腐蚀和冻融破坏等,其成因主要包括混凝土质量问题、施工工艺不当、环境因素、设计问题和运营管理问题等。基于此,提出优化混凝土配合比、改进施工工艺、采用先进防水技术、加强隧道衬砌的监测与维护、采用高性能混凝土和加强隧道设计优化等措施,以期为高速公路隧道衬砌施工与病害治理提供参考。 相似文献
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为了规范高速公路养护管理工作,探讨高速公路养护管理工作的重要性,分析当前存在的问题,并提出完善养护管理体制、加大养护资金投入、提高养护技术水平、提高养护管理人员素质等几点想法。通过实施这些措施,可以有效提高我国高速公路养护管理水平,为我国经济社会发展提供有力支持。 相似文献
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