A Note on Quantitative Definition of Risk

Risk analysis has become more and more important in practical application，but there has not been a widely accepted flame work and model for the research．Motivated by factor analysis method and Kaplan-Garrick’s quantitative defmition of risk，a general risk model Was established based on analyzing risk situations and employing information system and evidence theory，and Kaplan-Garrick’s result Was improved to introduce a frame word for analyzing and managing risk．     

A New Algorithm for Mining Frequent Pattern

Mining frequent pattern in transaction database,time-series databases,and many other kinds of databases have been studied popularly in data mining research.Most of the previous studies adopt Apriori-like candidate set generation-and-test approach.However,candidate set generation is very costly.Han J.proposed a novel algorithm FP-growth that could generate frequent pattern without candidate set.Based on the analysis of the algorithm FP-growth,this paper proposes a concept of equivalent FP-tree and proposes an improved algorithm,denoted as FP-growth,which is much faster in speed,and easy to realize,FP-growth adopts a modifeid structure of FP-tree and header table,and only generates a header table in each recursive operation and projects the tree to the original FP-tree,The two algorithms get the same frequent pattern set in the same transaction database,but the performance study on computer shows that the speed of the improved algorithm,FP-growth,is at least two times as fast as that of FP-growth.     

山西中南部铁路发鸠山隧道穿越复杂地层关键技术

山西中南部铁路发鸠山隧道地质条件复杂,存在软弱围岩浅埋段、水平岩层、断层破碎带、软弱富水及环境控制区域等风险因素,为I级风险管理隧道,给设计、施工及管理带来很大的难度。通过对各风险因素给工程带来的影响进行全面分析,给出具体的工程措施及作用机理,并通过合理的施工组织设计,成功穿越复杂地层。     

75kg/m钢轨铝热焊接头断裂失效研究

2010年下半年75 kg/m PG4淬火轨铝热焊断裂接头部分出现了同一形式的断裂方式.本文通过宏观断口形貌、断口扫描电镜分析、裂纹源及扩展区域金相观察,以及力学性能测定等手段对断裂接头进行失效分析.分析认为,断裂接头的起裂位置是在轨头下颚与焊筋边缘相交处,通过疲劳裂纹扩展,焊接接头经过一段工作周期后发生脆性断裂.断裂原因主要有PG4淬火轨铝热焊接头硬度的不匹配和焊缝与母材熔合处溢流飞边因素的影响.     

移动式交流钢轨闪光焊机

移动式钢轨闪光焊机是无缝线路建设施工中的重要设备,其性能直接影响钢轨焊接接头的质量。鉴于进口的移动式闪光焊机价格昂贵,我国铁路科研院所进行了移动式交流钢轨闪光焊机的研制工作。从焊机总体结构、焊接主电路、系统控制、液压传动等方面,介绍移动式交流钢轨闪光焊机的组成及原理,概括我国自主开发研制的该种焊机的特性。     

钢轨移动闪光焊感应热处理装置及工艺研究

采用中频IGBT电源,结合钢轨特殊断面热处理要求,设计可开合式双匝单股仿型感应线圈对现场移动闪光焊焊接接头进行热处理,感应加热线圈采用水冷,各附件温升合理。本套感应加热装置体积小,结构紧凑,可装置于四轴移动闪光焊机机头,装配出移动闪光焊机与焊后热处理一体机。本一体机可实现钢轨一次夹持完成焊接、焊后热处理两道工序,不仅有效减少现行设备体积,提高钢轨焊接工作效率,而且可实现钢轨全断面均匀加热,轨头和轨脚温差小于50℃。对焊后热处理接头进行试验结果表明,经该套中频感应正火处理装置热处理后的焊缝硬度和金相显微组织与母材匹配良好,有效细化钢轨焊接接头金相显微组织,提高了钢轨焊接接头的冲击吸收功。经热处理后的焊接接头力学性能指标符合标准要求。     

基于特性的牵引车-半挂车刚柔组合车架动力学模型研究

商用车较大的车架柔性会影响到整车的操纵稳定性和乘坐舒适性,尤其是在共振时车架柔性会放大对车辆运动品质的影响。为实时模拟牵引车-半挂车的车架运动,采用基于总成特性的建模技术路线,根据运动响应频域将车架运动解耦为低频刚体运动和高频柔体运动,并将车架模型模块化划分为基于多体动力学的刚体车架模块、基于模态综合法的柔体车架模块,然后将两模块求解结果叠加形成刚柔组合车架模型。最后,将车架模型嵌入牵引车89DOF-半挂车73DOF整车模型中,针对某款商用车进行仿真,通过对比实车场地试验结果,验证了模型的有效性。