采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

铝锂合金激光焊接时采用添加材料的效果

本文研究了B-1461和B-1469铝锂合金用激光焊方法完成焊接接头的组织形成特点和性能。业已证明,使用经稀土金属合金化的Al-Cu系添加材料,可以改善焊缝的成型,降低沿晶界形成气孔型缺陷的概率,提高焊接接头的机械性能。对焊接接头进行完全热处理可以保证提高它们的强度性能至基体金属强度的0.9。     

提高交流制电力机车的功率因数

传统的相控调压交流制电力机车采用平滑调节直流换向器电动机电压,机车粘着利用率高,但其固有缺点是功率因数较低.文章比较了几种无功功率补偿方法的优缺点.提出了用混合式滤波器来提高功率因数的方法,并进行了模拟试验.结果证明,采用混合式滤波器对于提高电力机车功率因数和降低电网电流和电压波形畸变,有明显效果.     

车轮硬度的提高

介绍了对客货车辆车轮运用中造成各种类型损坏的统计分析，揭示了片面提钢轨头部硬度使轮轨系统造急剧损坏的教训，通过轮轨硬度的对比分析和试验研究，阐述了采用车轮轮辋淬火提高硬度、使之保持略高于钢轨头部硬度的水平，从而提高车轮的耐久性，延长使用寿命的方法。     

俄罗斯货车用弹性胶泥缓冲器的研究

介绍俄罗斯货车用缓冲器的研究情况，重点介绍弹性胶泥缓冲器的特性。     

监测、管理及降低列车纵向力

介绍了澳大利亚力拓公司利用全自动监测车对长大编组列车干线运行工况和翻车机作业工况进行监测的情况。研究结果表明,翻车机作业中的拉伸力导致的疲劳损伤是干线运行中拉伸力导致的疲劳损伤的3倍左右,而干线运行中的压缩力造成的疲劳损伤是翻车机拨车作业工况中压缩力造成的疲劳损伤的3倍左右。     

列车设备的刚性对车体弯曲振动自振频率的影响

电气化列车中车辆车体弯曲振动的初始自振频率是其主要的标准参数之一。该项参数与列车运行的平稳性有很大的关系。在车辆设计阶段,对该项参数进行计算评估可以加快设计文件的编制过程,还可以进一步缩短试验周期。本文研究了借助在设备紧固点和刚性区域配置众多的元件,以简化悬挂设备的各种模拟方法。试验结果表明,用箱子模拟紧固点处带有附属零部件的刚性区域将会出现最精确的频率值。这种模拟方法可以简化和完全相称地考虑到设备的刚性。在设计车体时为了提高其刚性,本文还给出了有关合理配置设备的建议。     

A New Explicit Algorithm for Bi-Phasic Mixture Flow in MIM

Metal injection moulding (MIM) is a new technology to manufacture small intricate parts in large quantity. Numerical simulation plays an important role in its development. To predict the specific segregation effect in MIM injection, mixture theory is adopted to model the injection flow by a bi-phasic model. This model conducts to the solution of two-coupled Stokes equations. It is an extremely computational consuming solution in the scope of the traditional algorithms, which induce a serious challenge to cost-effectivity of the MIM simulation. Referred to some methods proposed by Lewis in mono-phasic simulation and the implicit algorithms in MIM simulation, a new explicit algorithm is proposed and realized to perform efficiently this type of bi-phasic flow. Numerically this algorithm is devised to perform the simulation in a fully uncoupled manner except for a global solution of the pressure field in each time step. The physical coupling is taken into account in a sequential pattern by fractional steps. This special algorithm does not need any iteration, so it is straightforward and robust, suitable for MIM simulation and other sorts of simulations for multi-phasic flow.