Contingency Planning and War Gaming for the Transport Operations of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games

Abstract

Transport operations constitute a critical prerequisite for the successful staging of a special event. Operations are more challenging to manage for those events that are infrequent and last for several days. In this case, the requirements for unconditional success, coupled with the uncertainties involved, necessitate robust contingency planning. The paper presents a methodological process for developing the transport‐related contingency plans to address pre‐identified emergencies in major events, such as the Olympic Games. War games are proposed to test the resulting contingency plans and train the staff involved in plan implementation. The application of the methodological process to the Athens 2004 Athens 2004 Organizing Committee (ATHOC). 2002. Preliminary Olympic Transport Strategic Plan, Athens: ATHOC.  [Google Scholar] Olympic Games is presented in which transport services were offered to over 50 000 members of the Olympic Family, 150 000 staff and volunteers, and 3.8 million spectators over a period of more than two weeks.     

The Application of Linear Optimal Control Theory to the Design of Active Automotive Suspensions

Some linear stochastic control theory relevant to the design of active suspension systems subject to integrated or filtered white noise excitation is reviewed, and application of the theory to a particular problem is considered. The problem considered is the well known quarter car problem in which a control law which minimises a performance function representing passenger discomfort, suspension working space, and tyre load fluctuations is required. With full state feedback, the requirement for a formulation of the problem which leads to the system under consideration being observable and controllable is referred to, and it is shown how a well known coordinate transformation enables this requirement to be satisfied. With limited state (or output) feedback, problem formulations which will avoid potential numerical problems in deriving the optimal control are described. Example solutions are included in order to illustrate the methods.     

OCS development and commercial and recreational fishing

As the controversy over Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas leasing continues, with environmentalists and fishermen seeking to block or delay leasing decisions that they think will adversely affect their interests, the need for better estimates of the environmental costs associated with OCS development becomes increasingly apparent. Although high degrees of precision in such estimates may never be economic, let alone feasible, better knowledge would reduce the uncertainty surrounding the magnitude of such costs, and would make it easier to come to grips with the problem and reduce, if not resolve, the controversy.     

Effect of Frame Compliance on the Lateral Dynamics of Motorcycles

The lateral dynamics of an uncontrolled motorcycle, running on a straight, level road surface, is investigated in this paper. The structural compliances in the front and the rear frames of the motorcycle are taken into account by introducing additional degrees of freedom in the analysis. The kinematics of the tires is represented by linear differential equations which are based on the taut-string model of pneumatic tires. The linear differential equations of motion are solved to yield the eigensolutions of the system. Numerical results, obtained for parameters corresponding to a Honda CB750 motorcycle, are presented and discussed.     

Numerical Analysis of Thermal Distortion and Residual Stresses in H13 Steel Due to Vacuum Gas Quenching

IntroductionVacuumgasquenchinginvolvinghighpressuregasasacoolingmedium,is.anincreasinglypoPularheattreatffienttechniquefor1argesteeldieblocks,forexamPleHl3die.ItisconsideredessefltialtounderstandthentheeofthegasflowandtheinfiuencethishasontemPeratureprofilesandresultaflresidualstresseswithintheheattTeatedcomPonent.SimulatingthisprocessinvolvesthesimulationofgasflowinthefurnaceaswellasthesimulationofthethermalbehaviourofthecomPoneni.However,thereisnosinglecomPatersoftwarepackageavailabletot…     

摩擦楔块几何尺寸对货车转向架性能的影响

分析了俄罗斯18-100型三大件货车转向架摩擦楔块结构的特点,指出改变摩擦楔块形状可以改进转向架的性能.     

Temps de transport au regard des changements démographiques en Île-de-France. Tendances passées et projections à l’horizon 2030

This paper investigates the evolution of travel time through travel time budget in the most densely populated region of Paris and its neighbouring regions, where the GDP per capita is the highest in France. Four consecutive household travel surveys available from 1976 up to 2001 allow us to compare travel time and travel time budget over the years and also to forecast Parisian mobility up to 2030. We have chosen to focus on the distinction between mandatory and non-mandatory trips, mandatory trips being defined as trips whose destinations are related to work, university or school. We have studied travel time related to demographic, socio-economic and geographical patterns in order to identify some key elements determining travel time and urban mobility.     

OPIOIDS MODULATE NMDA－EVOKED RESPONSES OF NEURONS IN THE SUPERFICIAL AND THE DEEPER DORSAL HORN OF THE MEDULLA

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MODULATION OF A δ－AND C－FIBER EVOKED RESPONSES OF NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS IN THE SUPERFICIAL AND THE DEEPER DORSAL HORN OF THE ME

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