A decomposition method for surrogate models of large scale structures

Analysis is computationally the most expensive part of optimization. Surrogate models, which are approximate but faster statistical models, can be used in place of more precise but more computer-intensive methods like finite element method to improve efficiency. Unfortunately, the surrogate models are limited by the number of model parameters. So large-scale problems cannot be fully defined by a single surrogate model. Furthermore, current domain decomposition methods cannot be used with black-box models. This study presents a novel approach to design thin-walled structures using surrogate models that overcome the curse of dimensionality by a special decomposition method. A parametric panel structure is defined as a building block. An interface is developed to maintain compatibility across the blocks. Finally, an iterative algorithm finds the displaced state using only local information. Three test structures are used to show the convergence of the algorithm for static analysis. In these sample cases, number of steps required for convergence of the error did not change with the number of panels. This approach offers many benefits including automatic design creation and optimization, effective usage of stream processors and model reuse.     

The overall motion induced interruptions as operability criterion for fishing vessels

A new index, namely the overall motion induced interruptions (OMII), is proposed as a seakeeping criterion for fishing vessels, to compare ships having different hull forms and dimensions by means of an only parameter, in a human centred approach, mainly related to the onboard risk level. Therefore, the first aim of the paper is to investigate the factors affecting fishing vessels’ seakeeping performances to improve them to reduce the high number of injuries occurring during fishing operations, mainly related to both risk perception and harsh weather conditions. Despite the classical approach, where motion induced interruption is determined for a certain sea state with regard to several location points, the new index accounts for all crew members’ positions on the working deck, all heading angles the vessel may experience during fishing operations, based on relevant operating scenario, and all sea states the ship may encounter in the fishing area. The influence of position, heading angles and sea states on the attained risk level is fully investigated, analysing seakeeping performances of four fishing vessels with different hull forms and dimensions. Finally, a new operability criterion is proposed, based on OMII, to investigate the influence of ship size and operating scenario on the risk of injuries during fishing operations. Main factors affecting fishing vessels’ seakeeping performances are fully discussed, paying attention to relevant correlation with ship roll natural period.     

俄罗斯中部地区在国际运输走廊发展中的角色

许多理论研究以及实践结果表明,中部地区的地理位置可以在全球经济市场和一体化的运输体系中成为该地区的主要竞争优势,认识不足或忽视空间地域因素在经济发展中起到的作用,将导致在管理决策上作出错误的判断.本文研究乌拉尔联邦区作为俄罗斯联邦中部地区在国际运输走廊发展中的角色.     

粗集料性能对骨架密实性沥青混合料的影响(英文)

沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(SMA)成功并且有效地应用于多国路面面层。针对纳黔高速公路,采用当地集料设计SMA。通过两种粗集料(石灰岩、玄武岩)的不同配比作为分析对象,测试(马歇尔稳定度、动稳定度、低温弯曲试验、构造深度、摩擦系数)得到沥青SMA体积参数和性能指标。分析得出的SMA是符合工程需要的优质面层材料,具有良好的抗滑能力,低温抗裂性能和良好的耐久性。结果表明:不同的集料配合比显著地改变了SMA混合料的性能。     

RAP对再生沥青混合料马歇尔指标的影响(英文)

研究了旧沥青混合料(RAP)的种类及掺量对再生沥青混合料马歇尔指标的影响。以2种新集料(石灰岩和石英岩)及2种旧沥青混合料(Nowshera和Mandra)制备的集料,分别配制成热拌沥青混合料(HMA)的马歇尔试件,测试了不同RAP掺量(0%～100%)及不同RAP种类的沥青混合料的空隙率、沥青饱和度、矿料间隙率、马歇尔稳定度、流值及密度等指标。试验表明:含有RAP的混合料具有更高的稳定度值,且稳定度随着RAP含量的增加而增大。     

客土喷播绿化技术在石质边坡防护中的应用

以长珲公路采用客土喷播技术对石质边坡绿化为例,介绍施工方案,发挥植物的生态防护及视觉诱导作用,符合"安全、舒适、环保、和谐"的建设要求,可供今后工程建设中参考。     

Prediction of ambient carbon monoxide concentration using nonlinear time series analysis technique

This study evaluates the potential of nonlinear time series analysis based methods in predicting the carbon monoxide concentration in an urban area. To establish the functional relationship between current and future observations, two models based on local approximations and neural network approximations are used. To compare the performance of the models, an autoregressive integrated moving average model is also applied. The multi-step forecasting capabilities of the models are evaluated.     

The Propagation of Waves in a Semi-Infinite Chain of Material Points and Springs Representing a Long Train

The dynamical behaviour of the longitudinal motion of a long train on which tractive or braking forces apply, often is investigated by representing the train by a model consisting of a continuous bar in which longitudinal vibrations can occur. In the present publication a model consisting of a chain of material points and springs is proposed. It can be investigated by means of difference equation methods and of Laplace transformations. In certain respects the discrepancies of the results with those obtained for a continuous model, are considerable and it may be concluded that a more complete investigation of the discrete model is necessary.