Factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children (aged 0–4): a review of the literature

Life events, such as the birth of a child, disrupt habitual travel behaviour and provide a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. However, in order for sustainable travel practices to be adopted, an understanding is required of the factors that influence travel mode choice among families with young children. Research in this field is particularly timely given many in the millennial generation, a comparably large cohort, are approaching this life stage. This comprehensive literature review develops a framework of factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children. The findings reveal a multitude of factors influence decisions about mode choice, and, in particular, encourage travel by car, when travelling with young children. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research about travel among families with young children, a largely overlooked group of transport users.     

“9·11”事件前后美国轨道交通的安全情况

2001年发生的"9·11"事件,不可逆转地改变了美国人对安全准备工作的内涵与认识。虽然新安保措施的着重点主要放在航空运输方面,但人们也更加注重陆地公共交通系统的安全形势,因为公众关注的焦点从"9·11"之前的私人财产犯罪转变为恐怖主义活动。然而,美国的铁路运营安全却被现实的情况所限制:当前紧缩的财政预算无法构建一个巨大的、均匀分级的保安网络。上述的两种形势相互作用,促使有关部门在"9·11"之后采取更为合理和实际的铁路安全措施,并由此催生了一些新方法来解决在根基上原本就脆弱的网络体系问题。交通安全部门和民间研究小组的结论是:对所有公共交通基础设施提供一整套安全设施是不必要的。     

Improving the estimation of total and direction-based heavy-duty vehicle annual average daily traffic

Abstract

The estimation of annual average daily traffic (AADT) is an important parameter collected and maintained by all US departments of transportation. There have been many past research studies that have focused on ways to improve the estimation of AADT. This paper builds upon previous research and compares eight methods, both traditional and cluster-based methodologies, for aggregating monthly adjustment factors for heavy-duty vehicles (US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) vehicle classes 4–13). In addition to the direct comparison between the methodologies, the results from the analysis of variance show at the 95% confidence level that the four cluster-based methods produce statistically lower variance and coefficient of variation over the more traditional approaches. In addition to these findings – which are consistent with previous total volume studies – further analysis is performed to compare total heavy-duty monthly adjustment factors, both directions of traffic, with direction-based monthly adjustment factors. The final results show that the variance as well as the coefficient of variation improve on average by 25% when directional aggregate monthly adjustment factors are used instead of total direction.     

Perceived and actual costs of operating cars

The perception that drivers have of car operating costs is an important factor in determining modal split characteristics. Theoretical figures derived from discriminant analysis models suggest that drivers perceive only petrol costs, but this has not been cor roborated by detailed surveys. This report examines in detail perceived and actual journey to work petrol costs of a sample of London commuters. The perception is also examined of related factors, such as petrol consumption and distance, in an attempt to throw some light on the perception mechanism itself.     

Today's people movers

After two decades of people mover operations at over 50 locations worldwide and 1.1 million passengers per day, the question remains the same: does automated guideway transit hold the best promise for urban transportation needs?     

VTT or VTTS: a note on terminology for value of travel time work

Transportation - The value of travel time (VTT) can be said to be the most important number in transport economics, and its estimation has been the topic of extensive academic and applied work....     

A critical appraisal of the use of simple time-money trade-offs for appraisal value of travel time measures

Transportation - Stated choice surveys have established themselves as the preferred approach for value of travel time elicitation with the help of choice models. However, major differences exist in...