The exclusive economic zone: criteria and machinery for the resolution of international conflicts between different users of the EEZ

It is highly probable that one of the results of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea will be the recognition of a new jurisdictional zone—the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This 200-mile zone will be used for a variety of potentially conflicting purposes by both the coastal state and non-coastal states and it is therefore important to ensure that the new convention emerging from the conference should establish criteria and make provision for machinery for the resolution of the international conflicts between different users which will undoubtedly arise. This paper contains a critical analysis of the latest draft articles under consideration at the Conference and considers the criteria by reference to which disputes might be resolved.     

黎明的喧嚣——历史时期过渡的模式

通常历史学家用生日、死亡、政治大事或单一的文化事件等突然的标记来为历史分期,这使历史时间发生断裂,时代错误成为尴尬的问题.本文认为,时期的划分不应将鲜活的时间隔断.不同时期应连接流动的时间里相互联系的事件.基于赫尔德的比喻,作者提出将黎明的喧嚣作为一个历史时期过渡到下一个历史时期的模式.本文旨在从"时期"这一概念的词源、音乐及诗歌对黎明的喧嚣这一模式的再现等角度重新思考分期化问题,以说明多样性是历史时期过渡的界定性特征.时期点缀时间的流动,崭新重叠的组合并不为了真理而竞争,而是为了提供互补的含义.     

The continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone: the problem of delimitation at UNCLOS III

If the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea succeeds in adopting a new Caracas Convention on the Law of the Sea, it is likely to embody detailed provisions on the delimitation of both the continental shelf and the new zone, the exclusive economic zone. In this paper, the most recent draft of these rules—contained in the Revised Single Negotiating Text—is subjected to a detailed and critical scrutiny which leads to the conclusion that the Sixth Session of the Conference still has a great deal of work to do before agreement can be reached on a satisfactory set of rules.     

Maritime commercial malpractices and piracy under international law

The term 'Piracy' tends to be used in a loose, popular sense to refer to various acts of violence or lawlessness at sea which are not, strictly speaking, acts of piracy in law. In this article, the author examines the concept of piracy under international law and related notions such as hijacking and mutiny. In this context, he shows that the 'malpractices' of robber bands in such places as the inshore waters of Nigeria and The Philippines are not acts of piracy jure gentium.     

猴细小病毒Vp2的克隆、表达和鉴定

目的　克隆、表达和鉴定猴细小病毒 (simianparvovirus,SPV)Vp2蛋白。方法　用设计的SPVVp2区的特异性引物 ,PCR法扩增SPVVp2基因DNA片断 ;将获得的基因片断插入 pThioHisA载体中 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α后挑选阳性克隆 ,利用限制性内切酶酶切和核酸序列分析技术鉴定重组质粒 ;以LB培养液培养转化有插入SPVVp2基因的pThioHisA载体的大肠杆菌 ,以终浓度 1mmol·L -1的IPTG诱导蛋白的表达 ;用SDA PAGE和Westernblot分析和鉴定表达的蛋白。结果　经限制性内切酶酶切和核酸序列分析 ,获得了插入pThioHisA载体框架的SPVVp2基因的表达质粒 ;阳性转化大肠杆菌在IPTG诱导下获得了SPVVp2蛋白的表达 ;SDA PAGE和用抗 Thio及抗 SPVVp2的特异性抗体的Westernblot分析证实了表达蛋白的特异性。结论　获得了SPVVp2基因的表达质粒并在大肠杆菌中得了高效表达 ,为进一步建立SPV感染的检测方法和研究SPV的血清流行病学等奠定了基础。     

The Development of a Visualization Methodology for Integrated Coastal Management

Coastal management information is frequently communicated to stakeholders and the public through complicated management documents and engineering plans. With the recognition that public involvement in coastal decision-making processes should be widened have come calls to develop new techniques to communicate complicated coastal information. Using Virtual Reality Geographical Information Systems and visualization packages, such information may be presented using formats more suitable for public consultation and information dissemination exercises than those currently employed. Using a site on the north Norfolk coast of England, an integrated Geographical Information Systems based methodology is presented that allows the visualization of proposed coastal management interventions. Visualizations have been produced that can be published in traditional paper-based management documents, or electronically. The different visualizations are compared and the technical issues surrounding their use discussed. It is argued that the methodology has clear advantages over traditional communication methods, although further research is necessary to determine how it may be practically employed by coastal managers.     

Large-scale physical controls on phytoplankton growth in the Irminger Sea Part I: Hydrographic zones, mixing and stratification

Hydrographic surveys in three consecutive seasons in the Irminger Sea in 2001/2002 have revealed six physical regimes (zones) in which different surface mixing and spring re-stratification processes dominate. They are the South Irminger Current, the North Irminger Current, the Central Irminger Sea, the Polar-origin East Greenland Current, the Atlantic-origin East Greenland Current and the Reykjanes Ridge. The variations in restratification processes in particular have significant implications for the timing of shallow spring mixed layer development and therefore the timing and strength of the spring bloom. The relative roles of heat and freshwater in controlling re-stratification are examined for each hydrographic zone, and it is shown that the simplest concept of solar warming generating spring stratification is appropriate for the Irminger Current and the central Irminger Sea. However in the East Greenland Current and the Reykjanes Ridge zones, the springtime arrival of fresh or saline water at the surface dominates re-stratification and generates the earliest and strongest spring blooms of the region. In the cool fresh centre of the Irminger Sea the relatively low chlorophyll-a throughout the year cannot be wholly explained by stratification or nutrient concentrations. Details of the annual cycle in temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and nutrients are presented for each hydrographic zone.     

Maritime commercial malpractices and piracy under international law

The term ‘Piracy’ tends to be used in a loose, popular sense to refer to various acts of violence or lawlessness at sea which are not, strictly speaking, acts of piracy in law. In this article, the author examines the concept of piracy under international law and related notions such as hijacking and mutiny. In this context, he shows that the ‘malpractices’ of robber bands in such places as the inshore waters of Nigeria and The Philippines are not acts of piracy jure gentium.