超载交通对道路路面性能的影响

道路交通由大量不同类型的车辆组成,在路面设计中,应用卡车因子将这些车辆对路面的破坏转化成具有相同破坏的标准轴考虑,将卡车转化为标准轴的卡车因子或将各轴转化为标准轴的当量轴载,换算系数是通过平均轴载定义的,这一过程中包括轴载大于最大限值的车辆,也有相当数量总重超载的车辆,这些车辆导致路面显著破坏,增加了路面建设和维修费用。该文通过研究不同车辆在5种不同沥青层厚度和5种不同路基刚度模量的一组路面上的卡车因子,来探讨超载车辆对道路路面的影响。研究显示:与法定荷载的相同车辆相比,超载车辆的存在会将路面成本提高100%以上。     

大型柴油机高氮氧化物转化率的排放控制系统的研发

选择性催化还原(SCR)系统已被证明是大型柴油机控制氮氧化物(NOx)排放的有效方案。未来的大型柴油机被设计为有更高的NOx排放量,以提高燃油经济性,这需要越来越高的NOx转化效率以满足排放法规要求。为此,未来的后处理设计可采用先进的技术,如选择性催化转化(SCR)涂覆颗粒滤清器(SCRF)和涂覆在高孔隙度直通式载体上的SCR,以获得高转化效率。评价了不同的高NOx转化效率系统。首先,通过使用SCRF单元和附加的涂覆在高孔隙度载体的SCR涂层,设计了高性能的NOx控制催化剂。第二,评价了不同的控制策略,以了解还原剂剂量策略和热管理对NOx转化效率的影响。在1台大型柴油机上进行瞬态循环试验。提高氨投入量而不是尿素可进一步提高转化效率,尤其是在低温下无法喷入尿素的时候。此外,实施热管理改善了低温时的NOx转化效率。结果证明,这种系统加上发动机控制策略的改进可以使瞬态FTP测试循环中的NOx转化效率达到95%以上,从而可使柴油机满足未来排放法规和燃油经济性的目标。     

活塞涂层对柴油机性能影响的研究

发动机活塞绝热的目的是减少热损失,从而提高指示效率。热障涂层被用于模拟绝热发动机的工作状态,其目的不仅是降低缸内热损失,防止底层金属表面的热疲劳,而且也是为了减少发动机排放。采用热障涂层能降低从燃烧室表面(包括气缸盖、气缸套和活塞顶)和活塞环向发动机冷却水套的传热。应用以陶瓷为基体的涂层,使燃烧室的隔热对燃烧过程产生影响,从而影响发动机的性能和废气排放特性。在油价快速上涨的情况下,绝热技术因有助于降低燃油耗而显得越来越重要。在柴油机活塞顶部采用等离子喷涂的热障涂层,研究其对发动机性能的影响。证实这种涂层能提高发动机的热效率和机械效率。     

Green-Naghdi theory, part A: Green-Naghdi (GN) equations for shallow water waves

In this work,Green-Naghdi (GN) equations with general weight functions were derived in a simple way. A wave-absorbing beach was also considered in the general GN equations. A numerical solution for a level higher than 4 was not feasible in the past with the original GN equations. The GN equations for shallow water waves were simplified here, which make the application of high level (higher than 4) equations feasible. The linear dispersion relationships of the first seven levels were presented. The accuracy of dispersion relationships increased as the level increased. Level 7 GN equations are capable of simulating waves out to wave number times depth . Numerical simulation of nonlinear water waves was performed by use of Level 5 and 7 GN equations, which will be presented in the next paper.     

集束塔式立管总体强度分析(英文)

Bundled hybrid offset riser (BHOR) global strength analysis, which is more complex than single line offset riser global strength analysis, was carried out in this paper. At first, the equivalent theory is used to deal with BHOR, and then its global strength in manifold cases was analyzed, along with the use of a three-dimensional nonlinear time domain finite element program. So the max bending stress, max circumferential stress, and max axial stress in the BHOR bundle main section (BMS) were obtained, and the values of these three stresses in each riser were obtained through the "stress distribution method". Finally, the Max Von Mises stress in each riser was given and a check was made whether or not they met the demand. This paper provides a reference for strength analysis of the bundled hybrid offset riser and some other bundled pipelines.     

全球轻型车统一测试程序对乘用车CO2排放的影响分析

截至2017年，欧盟轻型车排放污染物和油耗的型式核准程序是新欧洲行驶测试循环(NEDC)。该测试在底盘测功机上进行。     

Maritime Safety Through Systems Safety Engineering

1.INTRODUCTION In current semmars and conferences about marine transportation safety and shipping safety, the Internationsl safety Code(ISM)is one of the hot topics. In this paper the authors introduce the concepts Of systems safety engineering(SSE). The historical backgrounds of both ISM and SBE are described. The authors compare the concepts of both ISM and SSE. The advantages of SSE are discussed. The authors also introduce the SSE programme plan and SSE activities. 2.DEFINITIONS OF SAFETY If we look for the definition Of safety in an English dictionary, it tells you that safety is a noun meaning a state of being free from harm or danger. To expand the dictionary definition technically, we might define safety as "A measure that determines to what extend the management, technology and operation of a system is free from danger to life, property and the environment".