Optimization of drying performance considering driving conditions

Compressed air can be used as an energy source for brake systems in medium-heavy and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. The moisture in compressed air, which is due to high temperature and humidity, can be eliminated by using an air dryer. In this paper, drying performance data for a cartridge were obtained and used to develop a drying performance program, to predict the moisture and relative humidity in the air tanks of vehicles. The on-load time, off-load time, air flow, duty cycle, humidity and dew point temperature were calculated according to air consumption. The validity of the program was verified, and it was shown to be able to predict humidity changes in the air tank. The air tank capacity was increased from 100 to 130 to reduce the duty cycle. Therefore, the regeneration rate decreased from 18% to 15%, but the dew point depression temperature (ΔT) remained above 30°C. The duty cycle decreased from 50% to 43%, and the total operation time and power consumption of the air compressor were reduced. In conclusion, fuel savings were obtained by changing the parameters to optimize the system.     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of double permeable breakwater under regular waves

The wave transmission, reflection, and energy dissipation of the double vertical wall with permeable lower part (horizontal slots) were experimentally and theoretically studied under normal regular waves. The effect of different wave and structural parameters on the hydrodynamic characteristics was investigated e.g. the wave length, the upper part drafts, the lower part porosities, and the space between the double walls. Also, the theoretical model based on an EigenFunction Expansion Method was developed to study the hydrodynamic breakwater performance. In order to examine the validity of the theoretical model, the theoretical results were compared with the present experimental results. Comparison between experiments and predictions showed that theoretical model provides a good estimate to the wave transmission, reflection, and energy dissipation coefficients when the friction factor f = 3. The hydrodynamic efficiency of the proposed breakwater is strongly affected by changing the following: (1) The two upper part drafts together, (2) The upper part draft of the first barrier, (3) The two lower part porosities together, (4) The lower part porosity of the first barrier.     

案例教学在大学物理教学中的探索与实践

针对当前大学物理课程面临的问题,结合大学物理课程的目标,引入案例教学并加以实施。对大学物理课堂教学中实施案例教学的各个环节进行了详细的论述和分析,并加以实践。结果表明,在大学物理教学中引入案例教学对人才培养质量的提高有着重要的意义。     

Large eddy simulation of cavitation development on highly skewed propellers

This paper deals with numerical simulations of the cavitating flow around two highly skewed propellers operating in open water and mounted on an inclined shaft. The aim of the study is to check the ability of our numerical method in distinguishing the variation in flow features resulting from different blade designs. Moreover, a secondary aim is also to improve the knowledge about the physics that control the growth and collapse of cavitation, and hence also the generation of cavitation noise and erosion on this type of propellers. The investigation is based on incompressible large eddy simulation (LES) in combination with a volume-of-fluid implementation to represent the two phases of liquid and vapour, and a transport equation-based method for the mass transfer between the phases. High-speed video recordings from experiments were made available for comparison. The simulations demonstrate that the current method makes it possible to analyse the main difference in flow features caused by modest design alternation. Furthermore, with suitable grid resolution, LES is demonstrated to be capable of capturing the mechanisms that are important in the cavitation development, and that numerical simulation is a reliable supplement to experiments in advanced propeller design.     

The evolution of U.S. rail freight pricing in the post-deregulation era: revenues versus marginal costs for five commodity types

There have now been over three decades of experience with rate-making freedom for all modes of intercity freight transport in the United States. Most evidence suggests that regulatory change has been beneficial for the rail industry and its users. Despite evidence of positive impacts of regulatory reform of U.S. freight transport, there is limited evidence related to long-term pricing trends by commodity in the deregulated era. Moreover, U.S. shipper groups have called for increased regulation of U.S. railroads, citing increased rates and profits, and monopoly pricing to “captive shippers.” This study estimates U.S. railroad revenue-marginal cost ratios for seven different commodities between 1986 and 2008. Interestingly, we find no significant increase in revenue-cost margins for commodities thought to be “most captive” (coal and chemicals), while finding large increases for some commodities thought to be “non-captive.” These results may provide insight into the impacts of regulatory reform in other countries, where there are similar concerns of equitable pricing and financial viability. They suggest that a move toward a more market-based pricing system can enhance railroad viability without harming those with fewer transport options.     

Discerning the operational state of a vehicle’s distributed electronic systems from vehicle network traffic for use as a fault detection and diagnosis tool

This paper suggests a novel approach to finding faults in a vehicle’s electronic systems by monitoring the network traffic directly and generating statistical traits. The nature of the data in a CAN network is considered, and a case for the use of statistical analysis presented. Statistical traits extracted from the temporal behavior of network messages are investigated as a metric for fault detection. It is shown how this trait information can be extracted from network data, and how this information could be used for fault detection of an unknown fault on a CAN network. It is then demonstrated that combining multiple types of trait data can be used to correctly identify a fault once detected.     

Deformation and Stress of Old Cement Concrete Pavement under Stamping Load

为准确分析冲压荷载作用下旧水泥混凝土路面的变形和应力分布状况,通过建立合适的有限元模型来对其分析计算,并以第一强度理论来判断旧路面板的破裂情况,总结了路面板在冲击压实情况下的破坏机理.通过该模型得出旧水泥路面板竖直方向和水平方向的变形和受力特点,即:路面板在冲压荷载作用下发生纵、横双向弯曲变形,并以全断面的纵向弯曲变形为主,最大变形值位于路面板的两冲压轮之间的位置,路面板断面上竖向各点的沉降变形有微小变化,变形性态说明路面板将以弯曲形式发生破坏;路面板在轮压荷载作用下,上面层受压应力,下面层受拉应力,拉压应力的分界点在路面板中心偏下的位置,上面层绝大部分区域3个方向均处于受压状态,纵向压应力几乎为横向压应力的2倍.     

The Combined Naval Commercial Port (CNCP) in a Latin American setting

Inadequate ports are a major problem in many less developed countries (LDCS). In an era in which international trade involving developing countries is growing rapidly, decisions must be made to provide the necessary infrastructure and superstructure to facilitate the movement of cargo from ship to shore and vice versa. In LDCS, the phenonmenon of the Combined Naval-Commercial Port (CNCP) has not undergone scrutiny. This paper is concerned with describing the nature of the Latin American CNCP. The hypothesis is that commercial port interests have been adversely affected by coexistence. The results of an unquiry comprise the main body of this research.     

机务段办公自动化系统中的档案管理

为实现机务段档案管理工作办公自动化、管理规范化、现代化,设计了机务段办公自动化系统中的档案管理子系统。介绍了档案管理系统要实现的功能及其数据流程,同时指出在档案管理系统设计过程中应注意的问题,以及该系统设计过程中应用的安全技术。应用结果表明:整个系统技术先进,效率高、开放性好,完全能满足用户的各项需求,使用后能带来可观的社会效益和经济效益。