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Transportation - Design of effective freight policies requires a comprehensive understanding of freight agents’ interactions. A critical component of the interaction is the freight... 相似文献
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在城市轨道交通线路开通过程中,如存在受外界条件影响而不能按期开通的地铁车站,需采用甩站的方式进行开通。秉承对原设计方案变更最小化原则,对信号系统的各个子系统实施方案进行研究,以达到满足甩站运营的实际开通需求。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe economic history of the U.S. illustrates how the role of many cities has been changed by being seaports or located on navigable rivers or lakes. Based on the widening of the Panama Canal in 2016, the West Coast ports that include the west coast seaports of California, Oregon, and Washington were expected to become less important, while the freight shares of the East Coast and Gulf ports would increase. By how much it has been not easy to measure or predict so far, but this study attempted to define some of the key parameters in the measurement. As well as several relevant background topics, both the demand- and supply-side versions of the National Interstate Economic Model, have been applied for the measurement of economic impacts. U.S. port authorities and policy makers at the local and national levels who respond and develop plans for coping with the new realities of the Panama Canal are able to understand the extent to which changes in shippers’ and land-mode transporters’ behaviors would undermine the logistics and the costs of their activities. Therefore, this study is important for a diverse spectrum of port development strategies in the U.S. to respond to the Canal expansion. 相似文献
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Ing-Marie Gren Andreas Brutemark Annika K. Jägerbrand Jennie Barthel Svedén 《运输评论》2020,40(4):411-428
ABSTRACTThis study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxides (SO2) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM2.5 and lowest for NOx. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism. 相似文献
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Transportation - Ride-sourcing services are increasingly popular since they were first introduced in the last decade. Particularly in developing countries where public transport systems have... 相似文献
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川藏铁路建设面临着涉及专业广泛,施工条件恶劣等诸多挑战,导致技术接口繁多且管理难度大.川藏铁路修建的桥梁总数超过120座,铁路桥梁工程与其他工程的技术接口便成为川藏铁路接口管理的重点与难点,因此对其进行科学有效的管理是提升川藏铁路工程质量,降低管理成本的关键.采用结合三角模糊数确信度(triangular fuzzy number certitude degree,TFNCD)算子的模糊决策试验评估实验室(fuzzy DEMATEL)方法对川藏铁路桥梁与其他工程的技术接口进行研究分析.研究结果表明:桥隧连接与路桥过渡段对技术接口系统的影响最大,应分配更多的资源以确保工程质量;电力、通信、信号电缆的上下桥预留等技术接口有极强的相似性,可以采用类似的管理方法,提高技术接口的管理效率. 相似文献