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交通流密度是衡量道路服务水平的指标之一. 当交通流中车辆长度和速度变化较大时,占有率则可以更好地反映交通流密度状况. 占有率的测定能够考虑到车辆的长度和速度变化,但是其值受到测量区域长度的影响,并且在混合交通情况下测量值缺乏准确性. 对于没有车道行驶规则的混合交通流,应当以整条路段为单位进行交通流分析. 因此本文提出了“区域占有率”的概念,且利用仿真技术验证其有效性. 对混合交通流条件下的占有率和区域占有率进行比较分析,区域占有率可以更合理地描述混合交通流的密度. 同时,得出混合交通条件下的区域占有率和交通流速度关系,证明了混合交通流条件下区域占有率提出的合理性和准确性.     

满足美国第2阶段第5级排放限值的Bluetec排放控制系统

近年来,柴油机在欧洲轻型车的市场份额持续增长,而北美市场的柴油机份额却仍很小.直至最近,柴油机仍可不使用活性的氮氧化物(NO<,x>)后处理系统,仅通过发动机机内优化措施就能满足欧洲和北美的NO<,x>排放限值要求.但美国于2007年引入第2阶段(Tier 2)第8级(Bin 8)和Tier2第5级(Bin 5)排放法...     

污垢组合对印度玛纳尔湾水域低碳钢腐蚀行为的影响研究(英文)

Corrosion behaviour and biofouling characteristics of mild steel in three different coastal locations in the Gulf of Mannar,India have been studied over a period of 24 months.Oyster fouling was predominant at Open sea-Tuticorin,while barnacle fouling was dominant at both Mandapam and Harbour-Tuticorin.The rate of corrosion for 24 months exposure period was highest at Mandapam,where fouling was minimal.The surface of the mild steel was characterized by etchings&crevices beneath the hard foulers attached on it,at all the test locations.The depth of crevice caused by hard foulers was higher at Open sea-Tuticorin followed by Harbour-Tuticorin and Mandapam.The loss in ultimate tensile strength was more in Open sea-Tuticorin than the other two locations.Corrosion behaviour of mild steel is discussed based on the variation in the biofouling assemblage at the three test locations.     

压缩天然气发动机用气门和气门座圈的开发

气门座圈和气门对内燃机的性能、排放和可靠性起着重要作用。这些零件失效会导致内燃机性能恶化。由于压缩天然气(CNG)发动机的燃烧环境干燥,工作温度较高,会对气门座圈和气门的寿命产生不利的影响。Greaves cotton公司开发了1台由柴油机改制的单缸水冷气道喷射CNG发动机。开发中遇到的主要挑战是气门座圈和气门的磨损。为了避免故障,在座圈材料适应性、座面锥角、座面宽度、气门头部刚度、座圈与气门的同轴度和气门落座速度几方面进行了设计改进。通过修改设计成功地解决了气门和气门座圈的磨损问题,并通过发动机台架试验和车辆试验得到了验证。     

Development of an Autonomous Flight Control System for Small Size Unmanned Helicopter Based on Dynamical Model

It is devoted to the development of an autonomous flight control system for small size unmanned helicopter based on dynamical model. At first, the mathematical model of a small size helicopter is described. After that simple but effective MTCV control algorithm was proposed. The whole flight control algorithm is composed of two parts: orientation controller based on the model for rotation dynamics and a robust position controller for a double integrator. The MTCV block is also used to achieve translation velocity control. To demonstrate the performance of the presented algorithm, simulation results and results achieved in real flight experiments were presented.     

机车车辆的新型轴承

现代机车车辆所需的轴承要满足越来越高的要求。这种轴承以轴承单元的型式用于轮对和牵引电动机，并且能够装备用来测量转速和轴承温度的传感器。这种轴承要求尺寸空间小，重量轻，组成零件小，而且安装和维修更简便。     

用电子计算机以侧扫声纳信号识别海床

直接从海床取样识别其类型,並非总是可行的,可能因取样没有代表性而不可靠。另有一种办法是利用侧扫声纳的散射信号进行海床类型的识别。本文对用侧扫声纳信号进行海床类型识别的统计分析法和频谱分析法进行探讨。所有的模拟数据是在不同海况条件下用中量程侧扫声纳系统取得的,並进行了数字量化和数值处理。本文探讨了海床类型识别中来自频谱特征量的作用,並与散射信号幅度的概率分布的各种特征量加以比较,结果表明频谱特征量能够区分六种类型的海床:砂、泥、粘土、卵石、石子和石块。