长输天然气管道内涂层技术及其应用

天然气长输管道内壁采用覆盖层不仅可以减少管道的内壁腐蚀,而且可以降低管道内壁粗糙度,减少输气时的摩阻,提高输气量,减少清管次数,减少中间加压站,有效地降低压缩机功耗,提高经济性.文中分析了采用天然气管道内涂层技术的必要性和优点以及内涂层的涂覆工艺和技术难点.     

养护施工总承包模式下业主与承包商的博弈分析

文章以博弈论为理论基础,分析了养护施工总承包模式下业主与总承包商的博弈关系,提出了引导双方采用合理的策略以获得最大利益及保证工程产品达到较高质量水平的博弈对策,为养护施工总承包工程的管理和施工提供方法借鉴。     

一种新型管道机械接头密封分析

随着海洋石油事业的发展,尤其是在役多年的石油平台工艺管道长时间受腐蚀介质和海洋环境的影响容易发生泄漏,传统的管道焊接技术由于需要动火作业,在已投产的石油平台管道维修方面受油气易燃易爆等各种因素的制约,不适应海洋平台管道维修快速、环保、经济等新要求。文中利用ANSYS有限元软件对传统机械接头的结构进行优化分析,开发出一种新型管道机械连接接头。此种接头具有耐高压、耐腐蚀、节能、安全、安装快捷等显著优点,特别适用于海洋石油平台工艺管道的快速维修。着重分析了新型管道机械接头的基本结构、连接机理及影响其密封性能的主要因素,分析结果显示此种连接可靠。     

基于气动效应的特长隧道断面优化探讨

铁路隧道净空面积的确定,不仅应考虑隧道建筑限界和机车车辆限界,还要考虑列车通过隧道时诱发的空气动力学效应。基于一维、可压缩、非定常的流动假设,推导得到车内瞬变压力、洞口微气压波和空气阻力计算公式,并结合这3个指标对现有城际铁路、高速铁路隧道设计规范进行论证和优化。结果表明： 针对大于10 km的特长隧道,在一定长度范围内,且在提高列车密封水平、增加洞口微气压波缓冲结构的情况下,可对特长隧道净空断面进行优化。     

地下叠合墙接触面形式的设计研究

为解决地下工程中叠合结构接触面采用常规凿毛等方式进行预处理时存在的施工难度大、剪力槽设置参差不齐等难题,提出一种便于施工的预制叠合结构形式,然后运用ANSYS有限元软件对波浪形、三角形以及梯形波纹结构面进行受力对比分析,结果表明梯形结构面在结构应力、接触面压力以及接触面滑移方面更有优势,并确定梯形结构面作为静力荷载试验方案。通过静力荷载试验对比分析整体现浇梁和梯形结构面叠合梁在各级荷载作用下的挠度、水平位移以及裂缝开展形态,结合实测数据表明： 在受到相同荷载作用下,叠合梁的挠度增量小于整体现浇梁,同时叠合梁在裂缝开展阶段存在停滞现象,能够减缓裂缝穿过叠合面,从而提高结构的整体承载力。     

A Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy with multiclass network equilibria

This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts.     

Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.     

An activity-based approach of investigating travel behaviour of older people

The paper presents the results of an investigation on daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour of older people by using an advanced econometric model and a household travel survey, collected in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Canada in 2011. The activity-travel scheduling model considers a dynamic time–space constrained scheduling process. The key contribution of the paper is to reveal daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour through a comprehensive econometric framework. The resulting empirical model reveals many behavioural details. These include the role that income plays in moderating out-of-home time expenditure choices of older people. Older people in the highest and lowest income categories tend to have lower variations in time expenditure choices than those in middle-income categories. Overall, the time expenditure choices become more stable with increasing age, indicating that longer activity durations and lower activity frequency become more prevalent with increasing age. Daily activity type and location choices reveal a clear random utility-maximizing rational behaviour of older people. It is clear that increasing spatial accessibility to various activity locations is a crucial factor in defining daily out-of-home activity participation of older people. It is also clear that the diversity of out-of-home activity type choices reduces with increasing age and older people are more sensitive to auto travel time than to transit or non-motorized travel time.     

多沙河道中的泥沙治理

为解决多沙河道中淤积泥沙资源化利用困难和生态景观差的问题,以嘎斯汰河泥沙治理为例,分析水沙过程及河床演变规律,采用梯级跌水沉沙和景观坝相结合的方法治理泥沙,能够在洪水期上拦粗沙以资源化利用,下排细沙以改善淤积形态;在非洪水期中下段实现清水满槽,提高了植物成活率,对水生态系统的构建有重要意义,并为后续工程提供借鉴。     

大型耙吸式挖泥船精挖施工工艺在湄洲湾航道工程中的应用

为解决大型自航耙吸式挖泥船在航道疏浚施工、特别是在跨度较大的深水航道疏浚施工中存在的严重超挖废方问题,依托大型自航耙吸式挖泥船"长鲸6"在湄洲湾30万吨级主航道疏浚施工中采取RTK无验潮、多波速测量和分层定深开挖等技术,对潮位数据、动态分层定深和测量成果等进行分析,对潮位观测站数据与施工船舶RTK无验潮实时数据进行对比纠正,探讨自航耙吸式挖泥船挖深精确控制施工技术及管理措施。