Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

The measure and decision of technical risk in the development of naval vessels

The risks in development of navy vessels were explored, The resources of technical risk in the design and development of vessels were mentioned, It was pointed that technical risk dominated the other risk components. Based on the writers＇ understanding and experience from risk analysis and risk ,nanagement to the development of a navy vessel, four measure indexes of technical risk were presented. The decision criteria and the rules corresponding to the indexes were estahlished by the statistic information,     

Calculation of strain amplification matrix for strain invariant failure theory based on representative volume element models with periodical boundary condition

Strain invariant failure theory (SIFT) is a micro-mechanics-based failure theory for multi-scale failure analysis of composite materials originally proposed by Gosse and Christensen. In this paper, the approach for obtaining strain amplification matrix which is a key step for the execution of SIFT is improved by adopting representative volume element (RVE) finite element models considering periodical boundary condition, based on which more actual deformation mode is reflected. The deformation modes and strain data at the characteristic points of the centroid cell of multi-cell RVE model are analyzed and taken as a reference. It can be concluded that more reasonable deformation mode and relationship between the micro-mechanical and macro-mechanical strain states are obtained by employing the new model. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the determination of strain amplification factors within the RVEs considering periodical boundary condition at the characteristic points.     

10kV自闭贯通线单相接地故障判断方法的研究

针对目前铁路10kV自闭、贯通电力线路发生单相接地故障在判断查找中存在的问题及危害进行了分析,提出了解决问题的办法,文章对新研制的故障判断系统进行了详细的介绍,并进行了大量的现场试验,取得了各种情况下的试验数据,确定了数值范围,取得了较好的效果。     

用于深埋圆形盾构隧道地震效应分析的2种拟静力解析解的对比研究

对比分析深埋圆形盾构隧道地震效应分析常用的2种拟静力解析解,给出2种拟静力解析解法的弯矩比值、轴力比值的计算公式,研究地层弹性模量和泊松比与弯矩比值、轴力比值的关系,以及界面滑移和不滑移条件下对弯矩比值、轴力比值的影响;建立等效刚度数值模型,通过数值模拟验证这2种拟静力解析解的可靠性。结果表明:界面不滑移时,由这2种拟静力解析解获得的地震附加弯矩较为接近,但附加轴力差异较大;地层弹性模量、泊松比和界面条件对地震附加弯矩影响较小,但对地震附加轴力影响较大;由这2种拟静力解析解法与等效刚度数值解法所得的弯矩、轴力分布规律和极值位置基本一致。推荐在常规深埋圆形盾构隧道抗震设计时优先采用基于薄壁圆柱壳理论的拟静力解析方法。     

THE HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY HPV18L1-E6/E7 DNA VACCINES IN MICE

Objective To construct eukaryutic expression vector of HPV18 L1- E6, E7 chimeric gene and examine the humorul and cellular immune responses induced by this DNA vaccines in mice. Methods The C-terminal of major rapsid protein L1 gene and mutant zinc finger domains of early E6/7 oncogenes in HPV18 were integrated and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 to generate vaccines pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, ETMxx. CHO cells were transiently transfected with the individual construct. Target protein expressions in the lysate of the transfected cells were measured by ELISA and immunocytochemistry After BALB/c mice were vaccinated with various recombinant plusmids（pVAX1- L1-E6M3 or pVAX1-L1-E7M3 ） and immunie adjuvants （pLXHDmB7-2 or LTB） through different administration routes （intramuscular or intranasal） , the great cellular immune responses were produced us revealed by delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） and lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of IL-4 and IFN- 7 cells in CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ subpopulations. Results The highly efficient expression of pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, E7Mxx vector in host eukaryotic cells were demonstrated both by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. The level of specific serum IgG against HPV in experiment groups mice was much higher than that of control group, and intranuscular immunization group had the highest antibody level. Intramuscular immunization groups were superior to intranasal immunization groups in DTH response, splenocyte proliferation and CD8^＋ IFN-γ^＋ cells number, but CD4^＋ IL4^＋ cell number was higher in intranasul immunization groups. The immunization groups using pLXHDmB7.-2 as adjuvant were superior to other groups in immunorespouse. Conclusion These DNA vaccines produce remarkable cellular and humorul immune responses in the mouse and may provide us prophylatic and therapeutic candidates for HPV induced cancer treatment.     

应用免疫组织化学方法评价组织芯片的可靠性

目的探讨组织芯片技术在免疫组化试验中的可靠性和提高组织芯片可信性的方法。方法选择82例人乳腺癌标本石蜡蜡块,利用传统制片技术和自行研制的专用器具分别制作常规石蜡切片和组织芯片,采用免疫组化技术检测雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达。结果采用自行研制的专用器具制备组织芯片,所得样本的可分析率均在92.9%以上,且随着对同一标本取材数量的增加,其可分析标本率也明显上升。采用传统方法检测的82例乳腺癌标本中ER和PR的阳性率分别为61%和58.5%;采用组织芯片技术,一式一份取材,其阳性率分别为51.9%和50.0%,一式两份方式取材,其阳性率分别为53.8%和53.8%,采用一式三份方式取材,其阳性率分别为57.1%和60.7%,且三种不同取材方式的检测结果与传统制片法之间并无统计学差异(P>0.75)。结论在采用统一制备标准并保证组织芯片质量的前提下,挖取直径1.5mm的组织样本制备组织芯片,尽管组织芯片技术与传统方法检测的结果的一致率仍随着对同一标本取材次数的增加而提高,但是三种不同取材方式的检测结果之间并无统计学差异。因此,一式一份取材制备组织芯片完全可替代传统制片技术用于免疫组织化学乃至原位杂交、荧光原位杂交技术的研究,且可保证组织芯片的可信性和高通量特征。     

Empirical speed models for cycling in the Oslo road network

Transportation - Knowing the speed at which a cyclist travels is important in route and mode choice modelling. Empirical evidence suggests that it varies significantly in accordance...     

A differential evolution approach for the vehicle routing problem with backhauls and time windows

This paper presents a differential evolution algorithm (DEA) to solve a vehicle routing problem with backhauls and time windows (VRPBTW) and applied for a catering firm. VRPBTW is an extension of the vehicle routing problem, which includes capacity and time window constraints. In this problem, customers are divided into two subsets: linehaul and backhaul. Each vehicle starts from a depot and goods are delivered from the depot to the linehaul customers. Goods are subsequently brought back to the depot from the backhaul customers. The objective is to minimize the total distance that satisfies all of the constraints. The problem is formulated using mixed integer programming and solved using DEA. Proposed algorithm is tested with several benchmark problems to demonstrate effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm and results show that our proposed algorithm can find superior solutions for most of the problems in comparison with the best known solutions. Hence, DEA was carried out for catering firm to minimize total transportation costs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Superpave技术应用于醴茶高速公路沥青路面的可行性分析

在介绍Superpave技术和分析马歇尔设计方法存在问题的基础上,分析了Superpave技术应用醴茶高速公路沥青路面的可行性。应用Superpave理念对醴茶高速路面结构进行了优化,对比了优化方案的经济性,同时对Superpave的施工要点进行分析,以保证Superpave技术在施工中能够得到良好实现。