中德两国集装箱运输比较

中德两国都是世界上集装箱运输的大国,中国的集装箱吞吐量世界第一,德国的集装箱船队运力世界第一,两国的情况对比,是很有意义的。 1 两国的经济贸易情况 当前世界GDP总量名列前茅的六大国是:     

压密注浆在城区护岸加固工程中的应用

该文介绍了压密注浆技术在城区护岸加固工程中的应用。根据主城区河道整治工程实际情况,采用压密注浆法处理部分旧的护岸工程,减少了社会、环境影响,节约了工程造价。     

中速柴油机MPC系统用高精度一维非定常流模型计算的流量误差研究

本文对讧维非定充模型计算８缸中同中的流量误差进行了研究，并提出了减小流量误差的有效措施，使性能模拟计算程序在计算８缸中速机性能时基本上达到一平衡，流量误差在２％以内。     

爆炸载荷下半潜式钻井平台月池结构动态响应

以某半潜式钻井平台月池结构为研究对象,基于一般耦合法建立拉格朗日与欧拉网格的耦合,计及应变率效应的影响,应用二阶精度求解器ROE算法结合等效当量TNT方法及理想气体状态方程,参考API规范要求设置多组计算工况,对月池结构在不同爆源高度及不同当量载荷下的动态响应进行了数值分析研究。研究发现：整体结构抗爆性能较好,未有结构发生破损失效。当爆源高度超过41.55m或当载荷增大时,对X方向月池内壁板格造成的冲击与变形损伤更大,该处结构在防爆设计时应重点考虑;平台沿Y方向的舱壁为主要吸能构件,占比最低为44.7%,当爆源高度降低时,吸能占比增加,当爆炸载荷增大时,吸能占比降低;沿X方向的舱壁吸能占比稳定约为24%。本文的研究对于评估平台结构抗爆性能,优化结构设计等方面具有一定的参考价值。     

导管剖面对全回转推进器性能的影响

随着船舶大型化和高功率化,对于全回转推进器的要求也越来越高。本文提出配置一种新型剖面导流管的全回转推进器,该推进器为上海振华重工集团3800kW全回转推进器。对该全回转推进器进行CFD模拟计算和敞水试验,并将新型导流管与19A型导流管进行对比分析,为后续设计提供参考。     

Effect of Charge Density on Spray Characteristics,Combustion Process,and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

In-cylinder charge density at top dead center is an important parameter of diesel engines and is influenced by intake pressure, intake temperature, and compression ratio. The effects of charge density on fuel spray, combustion process, and emissions were investigated by using a constant volume bomb and a heavy-duty diesel engine. Spray development resistance increased with the increase of the charge density in the constant volume bomb. It was found that short spray penetration was accompanied by a large spray cone angle in the former stage with high charge density. However, the equivalence ratio was lowered and the degree of homogeneity of the mixture was increased in the later stage owing to the rapid interaction of fuel and gas at a high mixing rate. Combining the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics for analysis, as the charge density increased, the gross indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) was improved. However, pumping loss had to be considered with higher charge density. Under this condition, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) trend was increased initially and decreased subsequently. Under high-load operation (1200 r/min BMEP, 2.0 MPa), the minimum charge density value of 44.8 kg/m³ was found to be reasonable. This charge density was suitable for combustion and brought about minimum exhaust energy and trade-off emissions. Moreover, by analyzing two operation conditions in terms of the maximum BTE with the Miller and the conventional cycles, compression temperature and combustion temperature were reduced in the Miller cycle with the charge density 44.8 kg/m³. A high C_p/C_v could improve the cylinder exergy/power conversion process by its positive effect of increasing the specific heat ratio. Owing to the interaction between a high C_p/C_v and exergy loss to heat transfer, the condition with the minimal charge density could produce more piston work.     

Towards lane-level traffic monitoring in urban environment using precise probe vehicle data derived from three-dimensional map aided differential GNSS

Today's urban road transport systems experience increasing congestion that threatens the environment and transport efficiency. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based vehicle probe technology has been proposed as an effective means for monitoring the traffic situation and can be used for future city development. More specifically, lane-level traffic analysis is expected to provide an effective solution for traffic control. However, GNSS positioning technologies suffer from multipath and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) propagations in urban environments. The multipath and NLOS propagations severely degrade the accuracy of probe vehicle data. Recently, a three-dimensional (3D) city map became available on the market. We propose to use the 3D building map and differential correction information to simulate the reflecting path of satellite signal transmission and improve the results of the commercial GNSS single-frequency receiver, technically named 3D map-aided Differential GNSS (3D-DGNSS). In this paper, the innovative 3D-DGNSS is employed for the acquisition of precise probe vehicle data. In addition, this paper also utilizes accelerometer-based lane change detection to improve the positioning accuracy of probe vehicle data. By benefitting from the proposed method, the lane-level position, vehicle speed, and stop state of vehicles were estimated. Finally, a series of experiments and evaluations were conducted on probe data collected in one of the most challenging urban cities, Tokyo. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a correct lane localization rate of 87% and achieves sub-meter accuracy with respect to the position and speed error means. The accurate positioning data provided by the 3D-DGNSS result in a correct detection rate of the stop state of vehicles of 92%.     

重庆机场快速路跑马坪立交安全性评价

渝长高速在跑马坪立交范围内平纵线形指标较低,且跑马坪立交距渝长高速路上的白杨沟立交和黑石子立交中心间距小,鉴于此种情况对跑马坪立交进行安全性评价是必不可少的。     

大型起重设备应对突发性强阵风的措施

为防止突发性强阵风对港口安全生产的危害,应结合实际制定和落实有效的防风措施,同时密切关注天气变化,紧急情况下正确应对.安装在流动式起重机上的风级风速报警仪,要根据各地的地貌特征,最好采用实测的办法,找到合适的大风报警设定值.