Towards lane-level traffic monitoring in urban environment using precise probe vehicle data derived from three-dimensional map aided differential GNSS

Today's urban road transport systems experience increasing congestion that threatens the environment and transport efficiency. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based vehicle probe technology has been proposed as an effective means for monitoring the traffic situation and can be used for future city development. More specifically, lane-level traffic analysis is expected to provide an effective solution for traffic control. However, GNSS positioning technologies suffer from multipath and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) propagations in urban environments. The multipath and NLOS propagations severely degrade the accuracy of probe vehicle data. Recently, a three-dimensional (3D) city map became available on the market. We propose to use the 3D building map and differential correction information to simulate the reflecting path of satellite signal transmission and improve the results of the commercial GNSS single-frequency receiver, technically named 3D map-aided Differential GNSS (3D-DGNSS). In this paper, the innovative 3D-DGNSS is employed for the acquisition of precise probe vehicle data. In addition, this paper also utilizes accelerometer-based lane change detection to improve the positioning accuracy of probe vehicle data. By benefitting from the proposed method, the lane-level position, vehicle speed, and stop state of vehicles were estimated. Finally, a series of experiments and evaluations were conducted on probe data collected in one of the most challenging urban cities, Tokyo. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a correct lane localization rate of 87% and achieves sub-meter accuracy with respect to the position and speed error means. The accurate positioning data provided by the 3D-DGNSS result in a correct detection rate of the stop state of vehicles of 92%.     

Effect of Charge Density on Spray Characteristics,Combustion Process,and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

In-cylinder charge density at top dead center is an important parameter of diesel engines and is influenced by intake pressure, intake temperature, and compression ratio. The effects of charge density on fuel spray, combustion process, and emissions were investigated by using a constant volume bomb and a heavy-duty diesel engine. Spray development resistance increased with the increase of the charge density in the constant volume bomb. It was found that short spray penetration was accompanied by a large spray cone angle in the former stage with high charge density. However, the equivalence ratio was lowered and the degree of homogeneity of the mixture was increased in the later stage owing to the rapid interaction of fuel and gas at a high mixing rate. Combining the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics for analysis, as the charge density increased, the gross indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) was improved. However, pumping loss had to be considered with higher charge density. Under this condition, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) trend was increased initially and decreased subsequently. Under high-load operation (1200 r/min BMEP, 2.0 MPa), the minimum charge density value of 44.8 kg/m³ was found to be reasonable. This charge density was suitable for combustion and brought about minimum exhaust energy and trade-off emissions. Moreover, by analyzing two operation conditions in terms of the maximum BTE with the Miller and the conventional cycles, compression temperature and combustion temperature were reduced in the Miller cycle with the charge density 44.8 kg/m³. A high C_p/C_v could improve the cylinder exergy/power conversion process by its positive effect of increasing the specific heat ratio. Owing to the interaction between a high C_p/C_v and exergy loss to heat transfer, the condition with the minimal charge density could produce more piston work.     

摩托车发动机顶置配气凸轮的设计研究（1）

设计摩托车发动机顶置配气凸轮时,应先根据发动机配气机构的要求确定气门理论运动规律,然后再根据气门和凸轮的几何传动关系将确定的气门理论升程函数转化为对应的凸轮升程数据.设计计算表明,凸轮挺柱运动规律比气门理论运动规律前移或推迟了一定角度△ k值;试验表明,这种设计方法是可行的,新设计的配气凸轮改善了摩托车发动机的进气性能.     

公交优先下城市出租汽车市场进出机制研究

准入与退出是出租汽车市场运营管理的源头环节。在公交优先及政府对准入退出实行管制的前提下,本文对公交优先下的出租汽车市场进行了定位,探讨了政府调控要素中的准入规模、准入主体、经营模式以及服务质量等内容,论证了以服务质量招投标为主体的准入模式是适合现阶段我国城市出租汽车行业发展要求的,并提出了具体的前提条件和实施要素;同时对出租汽车市场的退出机制进行了研究,提出了基于GDAHP法（Group Decision AHP）和加权积法的出租汽车市场退出决策流程、退市途径、退市层次以及相应的保障措施等内容。     

AMSA对散货船货舱通道要求简介

结合30000 DWT散货船的设计.对散货船货舱通道和平台的设计作了简要的阐述.     

航母"基辅"到天津

听说天津新港来了一个庞然大物,是俄罗斯一艘退役航空母舰,好奇的人像潮水般地涌向码头,以求先睹为快.笔者凭着新闻工作的敏感意识,也卷入了人流之中.由于迎接它的各方面领导,加上又是重要而神秘的"军事尖端装备",公安保卫非常严格,没有证件没有关系根本不能靠前,只能遥遥相望.笔者属于新闻记者行列,又加上所靠码头是本单位的生产码头.理所当然地挤在了前边,并抢占了"有利地形",选择了最佳角度.     

洋山港集装箱滚装渡船船型方案探讨

针对洋山港建成国际集装箱深水港后的集装箱集疏运问题,及该航线特点,提出一种滚装渡船方案,从布置地位、性能要求等方面展开,对这种船型进行分析计算。结果表明：通过这种船型集疏运集装箱的过海成本较低。     

秦皇岛港重力式沉箱码头加深改造设计

结合秦皇岛港甲码头技术改造工程实例,介绍该工程中重力式沉箱码头加学改造的方法。     

柴油机缸盖水套冷却流场的LDV试验研究

采用激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)对某柴油机缸盖水套内的流场分布状况进行了测量,测试结果与CFD计算结果具有较好的一致性。LDV测试和CFD仿真结果表明,在该缸盖水套两排气门之间的鼻梁区具有较好的流动分布,最大流速在1m/s以上;而在两对进、排气门之间的鼻梁区冷却液流速较低,最大流速仍低于0.5m/s,不利于该区域的换热。因此,需要对该款缸盖水套进行结构优化设计,以提高缸盖水套的整体换热效率。     

运用一维/三维联合仿真的汽车热管理分析

分别采用一维、三维和一维/三维联合仿真工具,分析了某款新轿车的冷却系统性能,结果显示一维/三维联合仿真在汽车热管理分析中的优越性。在此基础上,提出了加装导流板和改进保险杠后方结构来改善进气效率的方案。分析结果表明,改进后的散热器冷却空气流量提高了4.2%,发动机出水温度降低了6.1℃,从而改善了汽车冷却系统的性能。