承受高爆发压力的气缸盖设计方案

将来，发动机缸内最高爆发压力和零件的热负荷会进一步提高，除机体曲轴箱和曲柄连杆机构外，还涉及到气缸盖。如何才能在结构设计上更好地满足对气缸盖提出的更高要求，FEV发动机技术有限公司设立了一项内部研发任务，设计了多种气缸盖方案，并彼此进行比较。     

西班牙国家铁路AVE S 103新型高速动车组

西班牙国家铁路(RENFE)于2001年7月向德国Siemens公司订购了16列8节车编组的最高速度为350 km/h的AVE S 103新型电动车组.文章概要介绍了该电动车组的主要特点.     

21世纪柴油机燃油经济性和排放的关键技术

讨论了下一世纪柴油机燃油经济性和排放所需求的关键技术的现状。这些关键技术涉及到三个方面的问题，即燃料问题、燃烧系统问题和排气后处理问题。所取得了一些新进展包括电控直列燃油泵、中央布置的喷油器以及四气门气缸盖的应用。从长远的角度看，需要将这些新技术很好地结合起来以使柴油机具有竞争力。     

遥感技术在宜万铁路工程地质选线中的应用

宜万铁路位于鄂西、渝东地形地质极为复杂的山区.在预可研,加深地质工作、初测及定测各阶段同步并适当超前进行遥感工程地质工作,有效地解决了测区地质构造及重大不良地质体(岩溶、滑坡、岩堆等)的判定,为工程地质测绘勘探布置提供了指导性意见,为大面积工程地质选线、优化线路方案提供了重要依据.对复杂山区铁路各勘察阶段合理、有效地应用、遥感技术积累了经验.     

三元催化剂低温活性材料的开发

为了降低汽车的CO2排放,发动机越来越有必要釆用高效燃烧和小型化增压技术。然而,采用这些技术后排气温度和催化器性能也随之降低。因此,有必要开发低温活性催化剂来降低排放。研究了Pd/CeO2材料,其在低温下可以氧化CO。为了提高催化剂活性,研究了在CeO2材料中添加一些元素。研究发现,添加Zn可以使CO起燃温度降低60℃,这主要是因为添加Zn促进了CeO2材料表面的活性氧释放。然而,重复发动机排气试验表明,净化性能有所降低。碳酸盐抑制了CeO2材料表面活性氧的释放,从而降低了催化剂的净化性能。为了提高催化剂的性能,添加了具有很强CO2吸附能力的高碱性Ba。即使在进行重复发动机排气试验后,这种改性的Ba/Zn/CeO2材料净化性能也没有降低。接下来,在传统催化器上使用LA4循环试验对应用Ba/Zn/CeO2材料的车辆排放效果进行评估。结果表明,相对于没有添加剂的催化剂,排放改善了约10%。新开发的Ba/Zn/CeO2材料已经应用在2016年型的量产催化器上。     

博世公司新一代汽油直喷系统

随着废气排放法规日趋严格,汽车制造商必须进一步降低废气排放。从满足市场需求,排放法规和用户要求等多方面出发,博世公司已开发出新一代汽油直喷系统。     

The development of an OxyHb animal model in mice and the study on OxyHb-induced apoptosis of mouse brain cells in vivo

Objective On the basis of developing a new animal model for oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) injection into subarachnoid space in mice, this research was to explore the temporal dependence and spatial distribution of OxyHb- induced apoptosis in the mouse brain cells in vivo and the mechanism of neurocyte injury induced by OxyHb. Methods The animal model for OxyHb injection into subarachnoid space in mice was developed. Mice were divided randomly into the experimental group (n=40) and the control group (n= 35). The control group received saline injection (50 μL ) and the experimental group received OxyHb injection (50 μL ), both into the subarachnoid space. The mice of the two groups were subdivided according to different postoperative time (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). The apoptosis or necrosis of cells was distinguished with microscopy (HE staining), transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL method. Results The distribution of apoptosis was mainly in the ipsilateral neocortex and bilateral hippocampal gyrus. The apoptotic mouse brain cells showed morphological changes in the experimental group by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. The count of TUNEL-positive cells showed substantial increase in the experimental group, and there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups, and the number of OxyHb- induced apoptotic cells decreased with time. Conclusion OxyHb in subarachnoid space in mice can induce apoptasis, but not necrosis of mouse brain cells in viro. The apoptotic brain cells show the pattern of temporal dependence and spatial distribution. It is suggested that the early treatment should be the method of first choice for treating the hemorrhagic brain injury.     

搅拌工具轴肩和搅拌头轮廓对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的影响一对比研究(英文)

In marine application,marine grade steel is generally used for haul and superstructures.However,aluminum has also become a good choice due to its lightweight qualities,while rusting of aluminum is minimal compared to steel.In this paper a study on friction stir welding of aluminum alloys was presented.The present investigation deals with the effects of different friction stir welding tool geometries on mechanical strength and the microstructure properties of aluminum alloy welds.Three distinct tool geometries with different types of shoulder and tool probe profiles were used in the investigation according to the design matrix.The effects of each tool shoulder and probe geometry on the weld was evaluated.It was also observed that the friction stir weld tool geometry has a significant effect on the weldment reinforcement,microhardness,and weld strength.     

抗磨损低摩擦的活塞裙部涂层

介绍了一种经久耐用的可以减小汽油机摩擦功和CO2排放的新型抗磨损低摩擦的活塞裙部涂层。适应了当前高强化发动机和节能减排的市场需求。