防旷销拆除工具的设计及应用

介绍一种用于铁路道岔安装装置杆件防旷销拆除工具的结构和原理,并以拆除尖端杆防旷销为例,介绍该工具的使用方法和操作步骤,有效解决了铁路电务部门在进行安装装置杆件更换时,防旷销不易拆除的问题。     

框架结构钢筋混凝土面板裂缝分析与防治

对重庆果园港区码头现浇钢筋混凝土面板裂缝进行理论分析，找出产生裂缝的原因，并针对性地采取措施。这些措施包括：提高混凝土本身抗拉强度；采用混凝土后浇带方式在施工期间解除束缚面板混凝土的约束；通过对混凝土原材料、配合比的优化和采取施工措施来减少混凝土的自生收缩、塑性收缩、干缩及温度变化和内外温差引起的收缩，从而大大降低混凝土的收缩应力。     

散货船价格跌无可跌

散货船是全球船队保有量最大的船型,新船成交量在2006～2010年,年均超过1亿载重吨,尤其是2007年市场巅峰期订单量达到了1.7亿载重吨。金融危机后,新船需求骤降,2011年散货船新船订单不足4000万载重吨,2012年前三季度仅成交1310万载重吨,尽管成交量仍位居各船型之首,但与往日行情已不可同日而语。     

钢纤维-水泥石基体界面粘结性能研究进展综述

钢纤维与混凝土水泥石基体界面性能直接决定纤维对复合材料的增强效果，对界面性能的改善已经成为钢纤维混凝土性能提高的主要途径。从界面区的结构与特征着手，总结国内外界面区力学性能与微观结构的测试方法和评价指标，阐述常用的纤维混凝土理论及一些有限元模拟分析方法，并对钢纤维混凝土发展方向进行归纳。     

Vehicle distance estimation using a mono-camera for FCW/AEB systems

For robust vision-based forward collision warning (FCW) and autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems, not only reliable detection performance including high detection rate and low false positives but also accurate measurement output of a target vehicle is required. Especially, in order to reduce false alarm or activation of FCW/AEB systems, the systems require the precise measurement output of a target object, such as position, velocity, acceleration, and time-to-collision (TTC). In this study, we developed a measurement estimation algorithm of a target vehicle using a monocular camera. This method estimates two cases of vehicle widths for a target vehicle by using the detected lane information and a pin-hole camera model. After that, the position, velocity, acceleration, and TTC of a target vehicle are estimated by using a Kalman filter for the each estimated vehicle width. To improve robustness, the both estimation results using the detected lane information and the pinhole camera model are fused. This estimation algorithm was evaluated and compared with the state-of-the-art technology. As a result, the proposed measurement output estimation method can improve the performance of the FCW/AEB systems.     

Effects of Injection Timing on Transient Performance of A Regulated Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Turbine Bypass Valve

The object of this paper is to reduce soot emissions under typical 5s transient conditions of constant speed and increasing torque. And effects of fuel injection timing on combustion and emissions parameters were experimentally and numerically studied in a regulated two-stage turbocharged diesel engine with a turbine bypass valve (TBV). The test results indicated that: the smaller TBV opening could improve deterioration of smoke emissions and BSFC at medium and heavy loads. Afterward, the full-stage injection timing (FSIT) strategies (delaying injection timing during the entire transient process) could reduce soot and NO_X emissions simultaneously. However, when TBV opening became larger, smoke emissions and BSFC were deteriorated gradually. Moreover, the sectional-stage injection timing (SSIT) strategies (advancing injection timing from 10 % load to a preset load and delaying injection timing from the preset load to 100 % load) could markedly reduce soot emissions by 75.8 % with TBV opening 20 %; the degradation of fuel consumption could be effectively suppressed. Finally, coupling the SSIT strategies with the TBV control strategies could significantly improve the transient performance.     

软土地层顶管法地下通道近接桥梁施工保护方案研究

为顶管施工中既有桥梁结构的保护提供合理可行的方案,以昆明市轨道交通4 号线菊华站地铁车站过街通道矩形顶管近接高架桥施工为背景,采用数值模拟的方法,对软土地层顶管法地下通道近接桥梁施工的地层注浆预加固及不同触变泥浆减摩等保护方案的应用效果进行研究。研究结果表明: 1)对桥桩桩侧土进行预加固可以明显减小顶管施工过程中桥桩的水平横向变形,减小比例达34%; 2)采用超灌触变泥浆减摩方案,可有效降低顶管顶进时管土摩擦力对桥桩的影响,其中桥桩纵向变形的最大值在采用超灌触变泥浆减摩方案时,相较于常规触变泥浆减摩方案减小28%; 3)采用桥桩桩侧土预加固结合超灌触变泥浆减摩的方案,可保证顶管施工过程中近接桥梁结构的安全。     

应对突发大规模流行病的城市常规公交管控策略

公共交通内部相对狭小和密闭的空间，使得乘客间频繁发生近距离接触，是流行病扩散的高危环境。面对诸如新型冠状病毒肺炎这类突发大规模流行病时，交通管理者通常采取的方案是全部公交线路停运，彻底阻断流行病通过公共交通系统传播这一个途径，但是对于公交乘客而言，如果缺乏替代的出行方式，将严重降低其移动性，甚至会影响其基本的生活条件。利用北京市公交IC卡刷卡数据，挖掘乘客的个人出行特征和相互之间的接触特征，构建公交乘客动态接触网络，试验数据统计显示北京公交乘客单次出行与他人的平均接触时间为17 min，通勤乘客工作日与他人平均累计接触123次。利用理论传播模型（SEI和SIS）模拟流行病在公共交通系统内的扩散，对比随机网络分析其特征，发现公交乘客间接触的周期性发生规律显著促进了流行病的快速传播。将乘客传播影响力集计至公交线路，针对常规公交网络设计停运部分线路的运营方案，使用站点间平均邻接距离作为指标，衡量部分停运方案导致的常规公交系统可达性损失。研究对比了停运方案实施前后的流行病扩散规模。研究结果表明，只需要停运小部分线路就能使流行病暴发得到遏制，同时公交系统的整体可达性没有明显下降。     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.