55岁以上自然人群中帕金森病患者认知功能障碍的临床研究

目的　了解 55岁以上自然人群中帕金森病 (Parkinson sdisease ,PD)患者认知功能障碍的发生情况。方法　以流行病学调查资料为基础 ,采用非配对的病例对照研究方法 ,分析 55岁以上自然人群中PD患者认知功能障碍的发生率 ,评估认知功能障碍发生的相对危险性。结果　 55岁以上自然人群中 ,PD组和非帕金森病 (noParkinson sdis ease,NOPD)组认知功能障碍的发生率分别为 2 7.78%、5.55% ;年龄调整的发生率分别为 16.2 0 %、9.87%。与同一自然人群中NOPD组比较 ,PD组发生认知功能障碍的危险性明显增高 ,但主要增加低年龄组 (55～ 74岁 )中老年人发生认知功能障碍的危险性 (OR =8.59,95%CI :3 .13～ 2 3 .80 ) ;而且PD是低年龄中老年人发生认知功能障碍和痴呆的独立危险因素 (OR =6.2 7,95%CI :2 .3 5～ 19.2 7;OR =5.50 ,95%CI :1.52～ 19.94)。年龄调整的MMSE分值的均值PD组明显低于NOPD组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　PD主要增加低年龄 (55～ 74岁 )中老年人认知功能障碍发生的危险性 ,而且PD认知功能障碍是疾病本身所致     

人脾脏巨噬细胞的分离与纯化

目的　探索分离纯化大量人脾脏巨噬细胞 (MΦ)的方法。方法　选取 10例手术切除的脾脏 ,机械研磨法获得脾脏组织细胞混悬液。采用贴壁培养的方法进行MΦ的分离与纯化 ,相差显微镜下动态观察 ,明确贴壁培养的合适时间 ,详细记录MΦ分离纯化过程各步骤所需时间。收获的MΦ ,台盼蓝染色判定活力并计数 ,统计出平均每克脾脏组织收获的MΦ数及其纯度。相差显微镜、透射电镜观察分离纯化MΦ的形态特征。结果　分析贴壁培养各时间段的细胞纯度及活力 ,确定MΦ培养的合适时间为 2～ 3h。贴壁培养纯化后 ,平均从每克脾脏组织可收获 (0 .2 5± 0 .0 3)× 10 8个MΦ ,纯度为 (90± 5 ) % ,细胞活力≥ 99% ,细胞结构及各种细胞器结构均完整。结论　贴壁培养方法分离纯化人脾脏MΦ是成功可行的 ,收获的MΦ数量大、纯度高、活力好 ,为脾脏MΦ功能的深入研究奠定了基础     

宁波地区土层电阻率特性及主要参数相关性研究

结合宁波轨道交通1、2、3号线岩土工程勘察,利用Wenner等距四极法测定土体电阻率,研究了含水率、孔隙比、压缩模量对各土层电阻率影响及相关性,结果表明:宁波地区软黏土电阻率与物理力学指标含水率、孔隙比、压缩模量之间的相关性较好,土的电阻率随含水率、孔隙比的增大而减小,随压缩模量的增大而增大;不同土层的电阻率不同,黏土及粉质黏土的导电性优于砂土,为轨道交通供电、变配电、接触网及弱电设计提供依据。     

船舶电力信息网络脆弱性分析

船舶电力信息网络的脆弱性分析对确保船舶电网安全、稳定、高效的运行有着重要意义。本文以复杂网络理论为基础,对船舶电力信息网络的脆弱性进行了研究。首先对某一具体的船舶电力信息网络拓扑结构进行抽象,然后在此基础上运用复杂网络理论计算船舶电力信息网络节点脆弱性和链路脆弱性,由此找出整个网络中最脆弱的部分。分析结果表明,该研究可为船舶电力信息网络的优化设计提供依据,并且在在拓扑结构方面着手对信息网络进行了优化提高。     

空心四面块体促淤堤近底水动力特性试验研究*

依据长江口某促淤工程的设计条件及物理模型试验方法对空心四面块体促淤堤近底水动力特性开展研究。结果表明：1）近底紊动强度最大值所在位置、近底水平时均流速最小值所在位置以及近底水平时均流动方向的转变位置基本重合;2）对于某种具体堤型而言,在相同单宽流量条件下,随着相对水深的变化（至少在本文试验范围内）,其紊动强度最大值所在位置比较稳定;3）与抛石加护面块体促淤堤相比,透水性较好的堤身结构近底紊动强度最大值所在位置会更加远离堤轴线,可使局部冲刷坑更加远离堤轴线,对堤身结构稳定有益。     

Comparison of advanced imputation algorithms for detection of transportation mode and activity episode using GPS data

Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been increasingly considered as an alternative to traditional travel survey methods to collect activity-travel data. Algorithms applied to extract activity-travel patterns vary from informal ad-hoc decision rules to advanced machine learning methods and have different accuracy. This paper systematically compares the relative performance of different algorithms for the detection of transportation modes and activity episodes. In particular, naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, decision table, and C4.5 algorithms are selected and compared for the same data according to their overall error rates and hit ratios. Results show that the Bayesian network has a better performance than the other algorithms in terms of the percentage correctly identified instances and Kappa values for both the training data and test data, in the sense that the Bayesian network is relatively efficient and generalizable in the context of GPS data imputation.     

Design and validation of a slender guideway for Maglev vehicle by simulation and experiment

Normally, Maglev (magnetic levitation) vehicles run on elevated guideways. The elevated guideway must satisfy various load conditions of the vehicle, and has to be designed to ensure ride quality, while ensuring that the levitation stability of the vehicle is not affected by the deflection of the guideway. However, because the elevated guideways of Maglev vehicles in South Korea and other countries fabricated so far have been based on over-conservative design criteria, the size of the structures has increased. Further, from the cost perspective, they are unfavourable when compared with other light rail transits such as monorail, rubber wheel, and steel wheel automatic guided transit. Therefore, a slender guideway that does have an adverse effect on the levitation stability of the vehicle is required through optimisation of design criteria. In this study, to predict the effect of various design parameters of the guideway on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle, simulations were carried out using a dynamics model similar to the actual vehicle and guideway, and a limiting value of deflection ratio of the slender guideway to ensure levitation control is proposed. A guideway that meets the requirement as per the proposed limit for deflection ratio was designed and fabricated, and through a driving test of the vehicle, the validity of the slender guideway was verified. From the results, it was confirmed that although some increase in airgap and cabin acceleration was observed with the proposed slender guideway when compared with the conventional guideway, there was no notable adverse effect on the levitation stability and ride quality of the vehicle. Therefore, it can be inferred that the results of this study will become the basis for establishing design criteria for slender guideways of Maglev vehicles in future.     

Design and power flow analysis for multi-speed automatic transmission with hybrid gear trains

A design approach for multi-speed automatic transmission with hybrid gear trains is proposed. The approach can be used to design automatic transmissions composed of planetary gear trains, fixed-axis gear trains or hybrid gear trains and the shifts follow the “one controlled part changing rule”. This approach consists of four parts: determining graphical configuration of the system using hypergraphs, analyzing power flow formulation, obtaining shifts configurations by shift searching algorithm, and determining physical configuration. A nine forward speed automatic transmission is analyzed to highlight the capacities of the proposed approach. The results have shown that the suggested approach is much clearer and less time consuming than the methods currently used.     

Experimental study on piston- and sloshing- mode moonpool resonances

An experimental study was performed on the piston- and sloshing-mode moonpool resonances of offshore structures. Two different geometries were considered to investigate the flow characteristics in a plain moonpool and a moonpool with a cofferdam. To examine the efficiency of a cofferdam for reducing the flow in a moonpool, three cofferdam geometries were tested. The plain moonpool presented violent flows as a result of the piston- and sloshing-mode resonances. However, the moonpool with the cofferdam introduced violent sloshing waves instead of the ascent and descent of the water column in the piston-mode moonpool resonance. Among three different cofferdam geometries, the model with a right triangle facing to the left on the top of the cofferdam was most effective in reducing the flow in the moonpool when compared with the other models.     

考虑温度效应的磁流变阻尼器的Bouc-Wen模型

由于能量耗散生热、环境温度以及通电线圈产生的热能会使磁流变阻尼器在很大的温度范围内工作,温度对磁流变阻尼器输出阻尼力有很大影响,因此有必要实验研究温度对磁流变阻尼器输出特性的影响和建立能在较大温度范围预测磁流变阻尼器阻尼力的数学模型。本文从Bouc-Wen模型出发,通过温度实验数据,建立了能在较大电流范围和温度范围内使用的数学模型,并用1stOpt软件的通用全局优化算法识别模型参数,验证表明该模型能很好地体现磁流变阻尼器不同温度时的阻尼特性。