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481.
J. Han O. Heo M. Park S. Kee M. Sunwoo 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2016,17(3):483-491
For robust vision-based forward collision warning (FCW) and autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems, not only reliable detection performance including high detection rate and low false positives but also accurate measurement output of a target vehicle is required. Especially, in order to reduce false alarm or activation of FCW/AEB systems, the systems require the precise measurement output of a target object, such as position, velocity, acceleration, and time-to-collision (TTC). In this study, we developed a measurement estimation algorithm of a target vehicle using a monocular camera. This method estimates two cases of vehicle widths for a target vehicle by using the detected lane information and a pin-hole camera model. After that, the position, velocity, acceleration, and TTC of a target vehicle are estimated by using a Kalman filter for the each estimated vehicle width. To improve robustness, the both estimation results using the detected lane information and the pinhole camera model are fused. This estimation algorithm was evaluated and compared with the state-of-the-art technology. As a result, the proposed measurement output estimation method can improve the performance of the FCW/AEB systems. 相似文献
482.
Zhong Chang Liu Xing Yuan Jing Tian Yong Qiang Han Kai Bo Yu Peng Kun Teng 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2018,19(5):783-794
The object of this paper is to reduce soot emissions under typical 5s transient conditions of constant speed and increasing torque. And effects of fuel injection timing on combustion and emissions parameters were experimentally and numerically studied in a regulated two-stage turbocharged diesel engine with a turbine bypass valve (TBV). The test results indicated that: the smaller TBV opening could improve deterioration of smoke emissions and BSFC at medium and heavy loads. Afterward, the full-stage injection timing (FSIT) strategies (delaying injection timing during the entire transient process) could reduce soot and NOX emissions simultaneously. However, when TBV opening became larger, smoke emissions and BSFC were deteriorated gradually. Moreover, the sectional-stage injection timing (SSIT) strategies (advancing injection timing from 10 % load to a preset load and delaying injection timing from the preset load to 100 % load) could markedly reduce soot emissions by 75.8 % with TBV opening 20 %; the degradation of fuel consumption could be effectively suppressed. Finally, coupling the SSIT strategies with the TBV control strategies could significantly improve the transient performance. 相似文献
483.
Kyunghan Min Myoungho Sunwoo Manbae Han 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2018,19(3):433-442
The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance. 相似文献
484.
Wook-Han Choi Youngmyung Lee Jong-Min Yoon Yong-Ha Han Gyung-Jin Park 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2018,19(2):291-299
A roof crush test has been utilized to reduce passengers’ injuries from a vehicle rollover. The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 216 and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) perform actual vehicle tests and evaluate the vehicle’s ratings. Nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization can be employed not only for achievement of a high rating but also minimization of the weight. However, the technique needs a huge computation time and cost because many nonlinear dynamic response analyses are required in the time domain. A novel method is proposed for nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization regarding the roof crush test. The process of the proposed method repeats the analysis domain and the design domain until the convergence criteria are satisfied. In the analysis domain, the roof crush test is simulated using a high fidelity model of nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis. In the design domain, a low fidelity model of linear static response structural optimization is utilized with enforced displacements that come from the analysis domain. Correction factors are employed to compensate the differences between a nonlinear dynamic analysis response and a linear static analysis response with enforced displacement. A full-scale vehicle problem is optimized with a constraint on the rigid wall force from the analysis in the design domain. 相似文献
485.
为解决软岩隧道开挖过程中初期支护整体下沉普遍较大的工程难题,依托郑州至西安高速铁路大断面黄土隧道及成昆铁路第三系昔格达地层软弱围岩隧道工程,通过理论计算及现场实测,对软弱围岩隧道初期支护普遍沉降较大的原因以及采取的工程措施的可靠性进行分析,得到以下成果: 1)软弱围岩隧道下沉量往往超过20 cm,现场实测的拱脚承受最大荷载为897.4 kN,初期支护整体下沉大的主要原因是拱脚压力较承载力大一个数量级; 2)锁脚锚杆靠近钢架位置的轴力最大,为55 kN。大拱脚的承压特性显著,其压力极值达到0.9~1.7 MPa; 3)增设锁脚锚杆(管)、扩大拱脚和及时闭合仰拱是控制软岩隧道初期支护沉降的关键措施。 相似文献
486.
487.
488.
介绍了转叶式液压舵机的结构组成,分析了舵机液压系统的工作原理。然后,以舵机液压系统的一起典型故障为例,详细介绍了故障处理的方法和过程。最后,结合液压系统工作原理对故障产生的原因进行了分析,并对日常维护工作提出了建议。 相似文献
489.
490.
依托驾驶模拟舱,在不控制驾驶员行驶速度的基础上,考察了左侧路肩的安全影响。通过搭建不同左侧路肩宽度的模拟驾驶场景,实时记录了反映驾驶员注视行为、生心理状态与机动车行驶状态的数据,利用统计分析工具(方差分析和对比分析)对数据进行了处理和分析。研究结果表明:左侧路肩对驾驶员的注视行为与车辆的侧位移有影响,尤其是当路肩宽度为0.75 m和1.5 m时,左侧路肩对驾驶员有较大的积极影响;左侧路肩不会增加驾驶员的心理负荷。基于此,选取0.75 m为左侧路肩宽度的最小值,并以1.5 m为左侧路肩宽度的推荐值。 相似文献