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971.
972.
To study flame propagation in a spark ignition engine, it must concentrate on the initial combustion stage, i.e., the formation and development of flame. Therefore, we must study the theoretical calculation of minimum flame kernel radius which affects the formation and development of flame kernel. To calculate the minimum flame kernel radius, we must know the thermal conductivity, flame temperature, laminar burning velocity, etc. To evaluate the accuracy of the minimum flame kernel radius based on the theory, authors compared with those from calculation and those from tests. According to the increase of number of sparks and spark intervals, the flame kernel radii become to increase and the expected lean limits are extended. It is considered that is due to the stability of combustion as increase of flame kernel size according as high ignition energy supplies in initial period and discharge energy period lengthens. 相似文献
973.
In this study, cooperative regenerative braking control of front-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle is proposed to recover optimal braking energy while guaranteeing the vehicle lateral stability. In front-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle, excessive regenerative braking for recuperation of the maximum braking energy can cause under-steer problem. This is due to the fact that the resultant lateral force on front tire saturates and starts to decrease. Therefore, cost function with constraints is newly defined to determine optimum distribution of brake torques including the regenerative brake torque for improving the braking energy recovery as well as the vehicle lateral stability. This cost function includes trade-off relation of two objectives. The physical meaning of first objective of cost function is to maximize the regenerative brake torque for improving the fuel economy and that of second objective is to increase the mechanical-friction brake torques at rear wheels rather than regenerative brake torque at front wheels for preventing front tire saturation. And weighting factor in cost function is also proposed as a function of under-steer index representing current state of the vehicle lateral motion in order to generalize the constrained optimization problem including both normal and severe cornering situation. For example, as the vehicle approaches its handling limits, adaptation of weighting factor is possible to prioritize front tire saturation over increasing the recuperation of braking energy for driver safety and vehicle lateral stability. Finally, computer simulation of closed loop driver-vehicle system based on Carsim? performed to verify the effectiveness of adaptation method in proposed controller and the vehicle performance of the proposed controller in comparison with the conventional controller for only considering the vehicle lateral stability. Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller improved the performance of braking energy recovery as well as guaranteed the vehicle lateral stability similar to the conventional controller. 相似文献
974.
Recent studies on the new congestion reduction method―tradable credit scheme rely on the full information of speed‐flow relationship, demand function, and generalized cost. As analytical travel demand, functions are difficult to establish in practice. This paper develops a trial and error method for selecting optimal credit schemes for general networks in the absence of demand functions. After each trial of tradable credit scheme, the credit charging scheme and total amount of credits to be distributed are updated by both observed link flows at traffic equilibrium and revealed credit price at market equilibrium. The updating strategy is based on the method of successive averages and its convergence is established theoretically. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the method of successive averages based trial and error method for tradable credit schemes has a lower convergence speed in comparison with its counterpart for congestion pricing and could be enhanced by exploring more efficient methods that make full use of credit price information. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
975.
976.
977.
分析计算在坡道上行驶的全挂牵引车的行驶速度,比较采用不同动力总成及传动系统时车辆性能的变化,总结影响车辆爬坡能力的主要因素,为特殊要求用途的军用车辆配置选用提供参考数据。 相似文献
978.
The concave die design of self-pierce riveting (SPR) is of critical importance for product quality. The optimization of concave die parameters based on orthogonal test is proposed to explore the relationship between self-pierce riveted joint quality and die parameters. There are nine independent die parameter factors in orthogonal test and each factor has 4 levels. In order to evaluate the interlock and neck thickness, we carry out numerical simulations by the software DEFORM-2D. Then, the primary and secondary factors that affect the joint quality have been found out by means of range analysis. Finally, an optimization scheme is brought forward to design concave die in SPR process, which indicates that the joint has higher quality than that of former orthogonal tests. This work can be extended by a detailed mechanical and fatigue analysis for the joint quality of SPR process. 相似文献
979.
试验研究了过量空气系数和点火提前角对稀燃电控调压器式天然气发动机的燃烧以及排放的影响。试验过程对全工况的排放和动力进行了稳态优化。研究结果表明,在其他影响参数不变的情况下,随着点火提前角的减小和过量空气系数的增加,扭矩和NOX排放均降低。在匹配氧化型催化转化器后,各工况选取适当的点火提前角和过量空气系数可以满足国Ⅴ的排放标准。 相似文献
980.
韩广来 《辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报》2022,24(1):37-40
党的十八大以来,党中央发出党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史(简称“四史”)学习教育的一系列指示,在全党乃至全国掀起了学习“四史”的高潮。其中,高校是“四史”学习教育的重要阵地,在“四史”学习教育方面也取得了令人瞩目的成绩。以江苏省为例,全面比较分析省内高职院校“四史”教育现状、优势和不足,提出推进江苏省高职院校“四史”学习教育的对策和建议。 相似文献