预切槽技术及其应用中的关键技术问题

随着我国隧道建设的大发展,面临的复杂地质和环境问题以及劳动力紧张问题也越来越突出。预切槽法是一种独特的施工技术,是介于浅埋暗挖法和盾构法之间的一种方法,它和浅埋暗挖法配合可以形成复杂地质和地面环境下的新型隧道施工技术。采用此法可大大提高施工的机械化水平,同时可有效地控制地表沉降。文章论述了预切槽工法的机械组成、控制地层变形的基本原理以及应用中的关键技术问题,相信这种工法必将以其良好的控制地层变形能力和灵活性重新得到重视。     

超容量负荷与压力负荷对新西兰兔心功能的影响及评价

目的探讨超容量负荷联合压力负荷条件下新西兰兔心衰模型的建立,并评价超容量负荷与压力负荷对新西兰兔心功能的影响。方法将37只新西兰兔随机分为联合组、腹窄组、主闭组和对照组。术后8周分别采用心动超声图、血流动力学及血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)测定来评价心功能。结果①血流动力学结果显示联合组心率、主动脉收缩压、主动脉舒张末压、脉压、左室收缩末压、左室舒张末压明显高于对照组、主闭组、腹窄组(P<0.05)。②心动超声显示联合组左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室后壁厚度、室间隔厚度、短轴缩率、E/A比值均明显高于对照组,左室射血分数明显低于对照组、主闭组、腹窄组(P<0.05)。③联合组BNP水平较对照组、主闭组、腹窄组明显升高(P<0.05)。④联合组心脏/体重、湿肺/体重明显高于对照组、主闭组、腹窄组(P<0.05)。结论可通过超容量负荷联合压力负荷建立新西兰兔心衰模型;超容量负荷和压力负荷对心功能的影响不同。     

LMS自适应滤波器的FPGA实现

LMS自适应滤波器是一种广泛使用的数字信号处理算法,对其实现有多种方法.通过研究其特性的基础上,提出了在FPGA中使用软处理的嵌入式实现方案,文中对实现方式的优缺点进行了分析,并给出了硬件实现中的有线字长效应进行了详细的分析.     

Model test for dynamic construction mechanical effect of large-span loess tunnel

It has been a focus of debate for a large time on construction methods for large-span loess tunnel. Reasonable construction method has much effect on stability of tunnel and construction schedule. Deformation and failure of surrounding rock are quite complex. Associating with the large-span loess tunnel of Zhengzhou—Xi’an high-speed passenger rail line in China, large scale model test with geometric proportion 1:20 is applied to study on dynamic mechanical behavior of various construction methods. They include full-face excavation with support and no support, and benching method with support. It is found that pre-deformation and stress accumulation take place ahead of working face. The effects of three construction methods are further studied, particularly in terms of tunnel displacement and stress changes. It is revealed that benching method transfers load to an unexcavated area, limits horizontal deformation, reduces stress concentration effectively, lengthens the distance between location of peak for stress concentration and working face, and consequently increases stability. The model test results not only supply theoretical foundation for determination of reasonable construction method, but also can act as reference for similar tunnel and underground engineering construction.     

A selection scheme for optimum number of cooperative secondary users in spectrum sensing

An optimization scheme for choosing the optimum number of secondary users in cooperative spectrum sensing based on the cyclostationary feature detection with Neyman-Pearson criterion is proposed in this paper. The optimal soft combination test statistic for the cooperative spectrum sensing based on cyclostationary feature detection is derived according to the generalized likelihood ratio test and its corresponding detection performance is deduced. A target function, considering two important parameters as the resource use efficiency and the number of samples employed by each cooperative secondary user in the system design, is constructed to obtain the optimum number of cooperative secondary users. It can be found that the selection scheme is to make a tradeoff between the system complexity of the cognitive radio network and the global sensing performance of the cooperative spectrum sensing.     

Reputation-based collaborative spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio networks

Collaborative spectrum sensing is proposed to improve the detection performance in cognitive radio (CR) networks. However, most of the current collaborative sensing schemes are vulnerable to the interference of the malicious secondary users (SUs). In this paper we propose a reputation-based collaborative spectrum sensing scheme to improve the security of cooperative sensing by mitigating the impacts of misbehaviors. The fusion center calculates the reputation rating of each SU according to their history reports to weight their sensing results in the proposed scheme. We analyze and evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and its advantages over previous schemes in expansibility and integrity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can minimize the harmful influence from malicious SUs.     

硼酸衍生物润滑油添加剂的研究进展

介绍了硼酸盐衍生物作为润滑油添加剂的研究现状,对于硼酸酯按分子中所含活性元素及主要官能团的种类进行了分类,介绍了这类添加剂在润滑油中的作用,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议.     

热压烧结制备无粘结剂碳化钨硬质合金

利用球磨过程细化WC粉体颗粒,采用热压烧结的方法制备了具有较高硬度的无粘结剂WC硬质合金.扫描电镜观察结果表明,球磨后WC粉体颗粒明显变细,经热压烧结后形成组织致密的硬质合金,样品的显微硬度已经达到2294 HV;X-射线分析结果表明,热压烧结过程中,WC没有发生氧化脱碳现象.球磨处理使原始WC粉体颗粒积聚了很高的表面能和较大的畸变能,有利于烧结过程中WC粉末颗粒间冶金结合的形成.     

基于DSP+FPGA控制架构的矩阵变换器设计

本文设计了一台5 kW直接型矩阵变换器的原理样机,包括各功能电路组成,双向开关器件选择,驱动电路与辅助电源等;特别是针对矩阵变换器调制与换流策略复杂的问题,搭建了DSP+FPGA的控制系统,充分利用了前者运算速度快与后者资源丰富的优点,并完成了满功率实验。实验结果表明,本文搭建的矩阵变换器原理样机运行可靠稳定。     

预应力TRM加固混凝土梁最优预应力计算方法

为了扩大纤维织物网增强水泥聚合物砂浆加固技术(TRM)在钢筋混凝土梁加固上的应用范围,深入研究预应力TRM的力学机理,探索纤维预应力的合理取值范围,提高加固设计计算精度。基于预应力TRM加固混凝土梁模型试验与非线性损伤数值试验交互验证,对比分析了原结构和加固结构承载全过程力学机理,在参数影响规律研究的基础上,建立了分析模型,提出了计算方法,得到以下结论：预应力TRM可以有效改善被加固梁截面的受力状态,提高纤维材料强度的利用率;随着纤维预应力的增大,被加固梁承载力存在一个极值点,此极值点对应的纤维预应力即为最优预应力。最优预应力率并非定值,它随纤维加固量的增大而增大,随混凝土强度的增大而减小,初始荷载对其影响可以忽略。以受拉钢筋屈服、受压混凝土压溃、TRM达到设计强度,即3种材料强度均得到发挥,为最优破坏模式,给出的预应力TRM加固混凝土梁正截面承载力的计算方法及其参数优化后的简化计算公式,并进行了精确性验证,可直接应用于设计计算。研究揭示了TRM加固混凝土梁最优预应力的力学机理,提出了可直接应用预应力TRM加固混凝土梁的计算分析方法。