Reducing the memory footprint of OSEK-based systems via stack sharing and light-weight ready queues

OSEK OS (Offene Systeme und deren Schnittstellen für die Elektronik in Kraftfahrzeugen Operating System) is an open, real-time operating system standard for ECU software in vehicles. Because it was originally designed to be used in an extremely resource-constrained environment, an OSEK-compliant operating system must incur low processing overhead and memory usage. Unfortunately, as OSEK OS has evolved over time, it now specifies nontrivial kernel features along with multiple conformance classes and application modes. This may lead to unwanted dynamic resource usage in a system using OSEK OS unless the standard is carefully interpreted and designed into an OSEK OS implementation. In this paper, we analyzed the various kernel features of OSEK OS and their interactions to identify areas in the standard that warrant further resource usage optimization. In particular, we attempted to reduce the run-time memory footprint. Based on our analyses, we present two kernel mechanisms: (1) stack sharing among tasks and (2) light-weight ready queue handling specialized for OSEK OS conformance classes. We also offer implementation methods for the proposed mechanisms by extending OIL and associated tools. Finally, we show the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms via extensive experiments. Our mechanisms allow OSEK-based systems to use only 36% of the memory requirements of conventional OSEK-based systems on average.     

新型限滑差速器及空间凸轮结构的优化

针对现有轮式车辆中限滑差速器存在的问题,提出了一种新型限滑差速器总成结构．首先根据凸轮机构从动件数学模型及运动规律,利用共轭曲面包络原理及微分几何理论,推导出新型限滑差速器关键元件空间凸轮机构的工作廓面方程及在接触点处的诱导法曲率方程,然后以接触点处的诱导法曲率最小化,作为新型限滑差速器空间凸轮结构优化设计目标．结果表明,诱导法曲率随从动件半径和运动周期增大而减小,有利于减小曲面间的接触应力;但由于从动件参考工作区域变小,局部磨损加剧,使新型限滑差速器机构工作寿命缩短．     

污水回用深度处理中有机物对反渗透膜污染研究

应用牛血清蛋白（BSA）和海藻酸钠代表反渗透进水中的蛋白质和多糖,采用带有交互作用的正交试验分析污染因素的影响,使用环境扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对污染后的膜面进行监测．实验表明,海藻酸钠对膜污染的影响高于BSA的影响,BSA与海藻酸钠共同存在时会产生明显的交互作用,增大了有机物污染．溶液中Ca＾2＋会结合羧基官能团,以架桥作用连接有机物,能够显著影响有机物污染,Mg2＋对有机物污染的影响次之,离子强度会改变有机物的带电性,从而影响了有机物的污染．监测结果表明,有机物可在反渗透膜面形成厚密的凝胶层,引起严重的膜污染．     

虹桥综合交通枢纽指路标志系统分析及仿真评价

从分析虹桥综合交通枢纽的路网结构及行车路径出发,针对复杂路网情况下指路引导系统进行信息过载量的研究及评价,构建枢纽指路系统的仿真模型,来模拟枢纽道路运行情况,并首次通过网上公示的方式,广泛地征询驾驶人意见,优化调整设计方案,充分体现了以人为本的设计和管理理念。     

公路生态型植草沟研究

通过对国内外生态型植草沟工程的研究分析,分别介绍生态型植草沟的典型断面形式以及实用性,在总结以往经验的同时,可为以后的工程设计及施工提供依据。     

虹桥综合交通枢纽指路标志系统分析及仿真评价

从分析虹桥综合交通枢纽的路网结构及行车路径出发,针对复杂路网情况下指路引导系统进行信息过载量的研究及评价,构建枢纽指路系统的仿真模型,来模拟枢纽道路运行情况,并首次通过网上公示的方式,广泛地征询驾驶人意见,优化调整设计方案,充分体现了＂以人为本＂的设计和管理理念。     

Monte Carlo simulation of B2-L2<Subscript>1</Subscript> ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al alloy systems

The B2-L2₁ ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al shape-memory alloys are studied by the Monte Carlo exchange simulations, where a set of the first, the second and the third nearest-neighbor mixing potentials for Cu-Al in the Au-Cu-Al alloys are calculated from first principals using the Connolly-Williams methods. To ensure the phase stability of the β-Au-Cu-Al, the investigation includes the range of compositions Au₂Cu_1−x Al_1+x (−0.15 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.15). The B2-L2₁ transition temperatures are predicted, and are in agreement with the experimental results. The atomic ordering around vacancy of the L2₁ structure is further discussed.     

Histologic changes in the sinus membrane after maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement using engineered bone graft material

The aim of the study was to analyze the histologic and ultrastructural changes after maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement using engineered bone graft material. In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds combined with goat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were used to fill goat sinus floor space after maxillary sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement comparing with those not filled any grafted materials and used as controls. After a healing period of 3 months, the goat maxillary sinus membrane was examined using light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The results showed that the connective tissue thickness and the epithelium thickness of mucosa were not statistically significant difference between two groups. The tissue engineered bone complex might be an ideal graft for the sinus floor elevation and have no influence on the sinus membrane under the histological and ultrastructural observation.     

Aero-optical characteristics of supersonic flow over blunt wedge with cavity window

The optical rays that form the image of an object and propagate a supersonic flow over a vehicle are refracted by the density variations. A numerical analysis of the aero-optical characteristics of supersonic flow over blunt wedge with a cavity window is carried out. A hybrid method of Reynold averaged Navier-Stokes and direct simulation Monte Carlo (RANS/DSMC) is employed to simulate the flowfield. Refraction factor is introduced to evaluate the flowfield’s aero-optical characteristic. The results show that mean flow’s aero-optical effects are mainly caused by the shock wave, the expansion wave and the turbulent boundary layer. Fluctuation flow’s aero-optical effects are mainly caused by the turbulent boundary layer and the shock wave induced by the cavity window. The aero-optical effects at the leading side of window are caused by the mean density variations, while the effects at the trailing side are caused by the density fluctuations. Different draft angles of the cavity window are investigated. The airborne optical devices of supersonic vehicle should be mounted in the middle of the cavity window with a large draft angle.     

整合素β1在小鼠两种不同发育模式的切牙和磨牙牙胚中的表达

目的 探讨整合素β1在小鼠切牙和磨牙牙胚发育中的作用.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法,观察整合素β1在小鼠切牙发育的分泌前期、分泌期、转换期、成熟期以及磨牙胚发育的蕾状期、帽状期、钟状形态发生期、分化期、分泌期、成熟期的表达.结果 整合素β1在小鼠切牙发育的分泌前期、分泌期、转换期、成熟期成釉细胞表达阳性.中间层、星网层表...