PQI在沥青路面压实度检测中的应用

介绍了PQI的标定及使用方法,将PQI和钻芯取样表干法检测压实度的对比试验结果进行回归分析,并且验证PQI检测高速公路沥青混凝土路面压实度的有效性和可靠度.     

基于居民出行时间价值的SP调查设计

不同城市和地区的居民出行时间价值研究方法各异,SP调查逐渐成为研究出行时间价值的重要手段。首先系统梳理SP调查的方法、设计、实施和特点。基于北京市第四次居民出行调查的SP分项调查,详细阐述SP调查的技术方案、实施方法、调查规模和抽样方式,重点分析SP调查方案的设计。基于均匀设计方法,采用SP调查和RP调查相结合的方案,通过确定影响因素、设定情景模式和主要参数,基于不同出行方式分别设计了SP调查表格和情景模式卡。通过对北京市SP调查相关实证分析,提出SP调查实施改进的对策建议。     

多点随机需求的分布式预置储备

考虑重点方向或区域中, 各重要隘口、通道、敏感地带等突发事件之间的关联性(连锁反应的可能性) 和需求的随机性, 在多个预置储备仓库构成储备网络和多个需求点组成需求网络的条件下, 研究了用储备网络保障需求网络的预置储备规模和储备分布优化问题, 分析了需求网络在各点突发事件和需求随机下总需求的分布特征; 在保证预置储备规模有效性、经济性与储备分布合理性的基础上, 建立了给定安全保障概率下的储备规模模型和过程响应准则下的分布式储备模型(统称储备模型); 根据模型特征将分布式储备模型分解为双层模型, 对随机需求采用样本化处理, 并在此基础上建立了针对性的遗传-模拟退火算法求解双层模型; 基于变异系数的概念, 提出了针对突发事件和需求随机的储备方案稳健性指标, 对储备模型及其算法进行了稳健性分析, 并通过案例应用验证了储备模型及其算法的有效性。研究结果表明: 相较于就近分区准则, 储备规模模型及其算法能在确保安全保障概率的前提下将储备规模降低约1/3;相较于极大极小化准则, 过程响应准则下的分布式储备方案可使首批物资响应时间减少11%, 使90%物资的响应时间减少21%;在面临需求网络中突发事件和需求的随机性波动时, 储备方案的波动幅度不超过需求波动的80%, 体现了较好的稳健性。      

压密注浆在市政道路高填方路基处理设计中的应用探析

某市北环路工程处于平原地区,地质条件相对较好,有利于工程建设,但由于是新城区,分布有较多沟塘。该工程为水泥混凝土路面,属于刚性路面,对路基的不均匀沉降较为敏感,处理不好这些沟塘,就会产生不均匀沉降,影响道路的使用效果和寿命。压密注浆工艺近年来在建设工程领域应用较广,但还没有完整的理论体系,在公路和市政工程中的应用目前也是处在探索阶段。该工程通过方案比选最终采用了压密注浆工艺对高填方路基进行了加固处理,取得了良好的效果。     

危险货物的装运对船舶设计的影响

危险货物在运输的过程中有可能对人员、动物及环境造成不利的影响,因此国际海事组织有关法令对危险货物的装运制定了一系列的要求.介绍了包装或散装固体危险货物装运的基本规范规则体系及相关证书体系,并详细阐述了装运危险货物对常规船舶布置、结构和设备的特殊要求.另外,还分析了船舶设计中常见问题及其解决方法.     

港口供电系统改进

目前港口供电系统存在体积大、结构设置不合理和不适应环境等问题,经研究提出了减小体积、优化系统配置、提高箱变安全性和环境适应性等相应对策,在研究的基础上设计了一种新型箱式变电站,解决了目前港口供电系统存在的不足.     

Subjective-utility travel time budget modeling in the stochastic traffic network assignment

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network.     

拱架式预切槽施工机械在黄土隧道施工中的应用

隧道预切槽施工技术在国外应用比较广泛,但在我国应用还较少。针对黄土地质专项研制了国内首台拱架式预切槽机,并在黄土隧道进行了施工试验。通过施工试验,掌握设备定位、分区切灌、设备行走、施工作业组织等关键技术,并提出应用改进及优化措施。试验结果表明切槽系统工作状态和设备切削、喷灌功能满足设计及施工试验要求,为预切槽同步切削喷灌一体化研究提供了数据支撑和研究方向。     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

Dynamic simulation of train–truck collision at level crossings

Trains crashing onto heavy road vehicles stuck across rail tracks are more likely occurrences at level crossings due to ongoing increase in the registration of heavy vehicles and these long heavy vehicles getting caught in traffic after partly crossing the boom gate; these incidents lead to significant financial losses and societal costs. This paper presents an investigation of the dynamic responses of trains under frontal collision on road trucks obliquely stuck on rail tracks at level crossings. This study builds a nonlinear three-dimensional multi-body dynamic model of a passenger train colliding with an obliquely stuck road truck on a ballasted track. The model is first benchmarked against several train dynamics packages and its predictions of the dynamic response and derailment potential are shown rational. A geometry-based derailment assessment criterion is applied to evaluate the derailment behaviour of the frontal obliquely impacted trains under different conditions. Sensitivities of several key influencing parameters, such as the train impact speed, the truck mass, the friction at truck tyres, the train–truck impact angle, the contact friction at the collision zone, the wheel/rail friction and the train suspension are reported.