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71.
Tobias Kuhnimhof Jimmy Armoogum Ralph Buehler Joyce Dargay Jon Martin Denstadli Toshiyuki Yamamoto 《运输评论》2013,33(6):761-779
This paper investigates trends in the travel behaviour of young adults in Germany, France, Great Britain, Japan, Norway, and the USA over the past few decades with a focus on car availability and car travel. The trend analysis relies on micro-data from over 20 National Travel Surveys from the study countries dating back to the mid-1970s. The analysis of the survey data is supplemented by official statistics on licence holding. On this basis, this paper compiles a body of evidence for changes in mobility patterns among young adults in industrialized countries over the past few decades. The findings indicate that since the turn of the millennium, access to cars, measured in terms of drivers' licences and household car ownership, has decreased in most study countries—especially for men. Moreover, average daily car travel distance has decreased in most study countries, again especially for men. In France, Japan, and most significantly in the USA, the decrease in car travel has led to a reduction in total everyday travel by young travellers. In Great Britain, the decline in car travel was partly, and in Germany fully, compensated by an increased use of alternative modes of transport. 相似文献
72.
Takehiro Inoue Yoshiya Yamaguchi Hiroshi Yajima ShujiAihara Hitoshi Yoshinari Kazuhiro Hirota Masanobu Toyoda Takaaki Kiyosue Tsunehisa Handa Tomoya Kawabata Tokutaka Tani 《上海造船》2011,(1):72-79
对船用钢进行长裂纹止裂特性研究表明:它们的脆性裂纹止裂能力不够。TMCP钢有足够的脆性裂纹止裂能力。对船用钢进行了两种实尺(actual-scale)模型试验,明确了脆性裂纹扩展的条件。根据试验结果提出了止裂韧度值Kca,已经归纳在"脆性裂纹止裂设计指导性文件"中。 相似文献
73.
This study introduces an extended version of a standard multilevel cross-classified logit model which takes co-variations
into account, i.e., variations jointly caused by two or more unobserved factors. Whilst focusing on mode choice behavior,
this study deals with four different types of variation: spatial variations, inter-individual variations, intra-individual
variations and co-variations between inter-individual and spatial variations. Such co-variations represent individual-specific
spatial effects, reflecting different responses to the same space among individuals, which may for example be due to differences
in their spatial perceptions. In our empirical analysis, we use data from Mobidrive (a continuous six-week travel survey) to clarify the existence of co-variation effects by comparing two models with and without
co-variation terms. The results of this analysis indicate that co-variations certainly exist, especially for utility differences
in bicycle and public transport use in comparison with car use. We then sequentially introduce four further sets of explanatory
variables, examine the sources of behavioral variations and determine what types of influential factors are dominant in mode
choice behavior. 相似文献