清管器在输油管道中的运动规律研究

在分析清管物理模型的基础上,建立了清管器前段塞流动的特征参数计算模型、动态数学模型以及相应的数值计算方法,并进行了数值模拟。利用数学模拟方法可以计算清管过程中管线的压力分布,利用压力分布可以跟踪清管球在管线内的运行,这为混输管路的运行管理提供了理论依据。     

单向出渣单护盾TBM防滚转技术研究及探讨

为提高单护盾TBM在长距离硬岩地层中的适应性,针对单向出渣单护盾TBM在掘进过程中的盾体滚转问题,设计2种可防止和纠正盾体滚转的系统。通过分析单护盾TBM盾体滚转产生的原因和影响因素,提出2种单向出渣单护盾TBM纠滚技术——不依赖管片的盾体主动纠滚技术和推进油缸偏转纠滚技术,说明2种盾体纠滚技术间的联系,建立盾体姿态控制数学模型,阐述盾体滚转发生的临界条件和控制盾体姿态需满足的要求,并结合工程实例说明推进油缸偏转控制盾体姿态的可行性和有效性。     

后置定子对喷水推进泵性能的影响规律研究

本文采用RNG k-ε模型对不同后置定子叶数的喷水推进泵性能进行数值模拟,首先采用4119桨进行数值验证,计算结果误差均在3%以内,可有效预报水动力学性能。基于现有模型喷水推进泵,分析其水动力学性能,对比不同叶数定子的喷水推进泵性能,分析其推力性能,发现随着定子叶数增加到11叶,推力增大了5.7%,随着叶数继续增加,推力降低,最终只提高了2.1%;对转子推力进行傅里叶分析,发现转子的频域特性并未发生变化;同时分析尾流场压力脉动和湍动能分布,增加定子叶数可改善尾部流场的压力脉动,降低脉动值,随着叶数继续增大,脉动值又增加,其变化趋势与湍动能分布相同。通过掌握定子对喷水推进泵尾流场的影响特性,奠定喷水推进泵设计基础。     

佛山市南庄大道东延线工程混合梁斜拉桥设计

佛山市南庄大道东延线工程主桥跨越东平水道,是一座跨径65 m+75 m+268 m的单塔双索面斜拉桥,主梁采用预应力混凝土梁与钢结构箱梁组成的混合梁体系,结构构造及受力情况复杂。详细介绍了该桥的设计情况。     

船舶进出船厢对三峡升船机对接锁定机构受力的影响分析

三峡升船机是三峡枢纽两大通航建筑物之一,主要为客货轮和特种船舶提供快速过坝通道。船舶进出三峡升船机船厢过程中,船厢侧水体质量变化和水面波动产生的纵向倾斜力矩均由船厢对接锁定机构承担,如果船厢侧的荷载变化超过对接锁定装置的允许值,将影响船厢对接安全。建立了比尺为1∶12的三峡升船机船厢及下游引航道局部物理模型,针对3 500 t散货船开展船舶进出船厢的水力学模型试验,分析船舶吃水、船舶进出船厢的速度、水面波动与锁定机构受力间的关系。从保障三峡升船机船厢对接锁定机构安全角度,建议通过三峡升船机的3 500 t散货船进出船厢航速0.5 m/s时,船舶吃水不大于2.70 m。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

九孔连拱设计浅谈

茂林桥是武汉市蔡甸区莲花湖茂林路上跨越莲花湖的一座景观桥。茂林桥为九孔连续两铰拱桥,上承式钢筋混凝土结构。拱桥主跨净跨径18m,其余边孔呈2m递减趋势,桥梁全长150m。桥梁下部结构为桩基础,桥台为U型桥台,钻孔灌注桩。     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

Estimation of origin-destination matrices from link counts and sporadic routing data

Estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices from link count data is a challenging problem because of the highly indeterminate relationship between the observations and the latent route flows. Conversely, estimation is straightforward if we observe the path taken by each vehicle. We consider an intermediate problem of increasing practical importance, in which link count data is supplemented by routing information for a fraction of vehicles on the network. We develop a statistical model for these combined data sources and derive some tractable normal approximations thereof. We examine likelihood-based inference for these normal models under the assumption that the probability of vehicle tracking is known. We show that the likelihood theory can be non-standard because of boundary effects, and provide conditions under which such irregular behaviour will be observed in practice. For regular cases we outline connections with existing generalised least squares methods. We then consider estimation of OD matrices under estimated and/or misspecified models for the probability of vehicle tracking. Theoretical developments are complemented by simulation experiments and an illustrative example using a section of road network from the English city of Leicester.     

天然岩沥青改性道路沥青性能的试验研究

依据沥青的改性机理,利用天然岩沥青对不同类型的道路沥青路用性能进行改性,研究不同岩沥青掺量对道路沥青路用性能的影响,同时推荐了岩沥青合理掺量范围的确定方法。研究结果表明,利用天然岩沥青改性后的道路沥青,不仅具有良好的热稳定性,而且除了低温性能改善不大外,其他性能指标均有大幅度改善,利用天然岩沥青对道路石油沥青进行改性在实践和技术上都是可行的。