基于乘客换乘量和停车泊位的BRT站台规模研究

快速公交系统(BRT)的研究在我国尚处起步阶段,目前已有一些城市引进了BRT,为了保证公交的快速通行,对BRT站台规模的研究日益重要。首先找出快速公交站台规模的影响因素,由此结合排队论的相关知识,从站台乘客换乘量和泊位对站台规模的影响进行了深入探讨,提出了基于乘客换乘量和基于泊位的站台规模计算模型。该模型可以计算出站台的最小面积和最小长度;再以最小宽度为验算指标,当指标冲突时,结合调整原则,最终得到合理设置的站台规模。     

Transient characteristics of emissions during engine start/stop operation employing a conventional gasoline engine for HEV application

In this paper, we investigate the transient characteristics of combustion and emissions during engine start/stop operations in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions during the initial 2^nd∼9^th cycles are found to be significantly greater when the engine is quickly started under the original engine calibration mode. Lower intake manifold absolute pressure (MAP) was also found to cause larger residual gas dilution and poor combustion, resulting in a higher HC concentration when the cranking speed was increased. The post-catalyst HC concentration was found in the way of initially decrease and then to increase again as the cranking speed was increased. A lowest concentration value was achieved at a cranking speed of 1000 r/min. Engine shut-down by fuel cut-off was shown to produce lower emissions than shut-down by ignition cut-off as one can avoid misfire of the last fuel injection cycle. The fuel deposited during the stop process seems to impact engine restart enrichment mostly during the initial 0.7 s for this engine, whose performance is dominated by the MAP transition characteristic and the time coefficient for fuel vaporization in this time period     

Optimized design for a MacPherson strut suspension with side load springs

Undesired lateral force inevitably exists in a MacPherson suspension system, which is liable to damper rod’s side wear and promotes the damper’s inner friction decreasing the ride performance from the suspension system. Substituting a new side load spring with curved centerline for the conventional coil spring has been proven able to solve these problems and Multi-body Dynamics combining with Finite Elements Analysis may be an efficient method in optimizing its design. Therefore, taking a passenger car as example, a detailed multi-body dynamics model for the suspension system is built to simulate forces exerted on the damper and the minimization of its lateral component is selected as the design target for the spring. When the structure optimization of the side load spring is performed using FEA software ANSYS, its vertical and lateral elastic characteristics, supported by test data, are analyzed. After importing FEA results back to the suspension system, the dynamics simulation can be performed to validate the optimization result.     

基于C8051F020单片机的T型管自动焊接机控制系统

为了提高T型管的焊接质量和效率,设计了一台用C8051F020单片机自动控制的焊接设备。同时采用C8051F020的12位A／D转换功能实现对焊接系统中加工参数的实时检测。该自动焊接系统在钢制散热器管道焊接生产应用中取得了良好的效果,是一种低成本、自动化的T型焊缝专用焊接设备。     

Examining the influence of multidestination service orientation on transit service productivity: a multivariate analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, U.S. transit agencies added service and increased ridership, but the ridership increase failed to keep pace with the service increase. The result was a decline in service effectiveness (or productivity). This marks the continuation of a long-running and often-studied trend. The scholarly literature attributes this phenomenon, at least in part, to transit agency decisions to decentralize their service rather than focus on serving the traditional CBD market. Many scholars argue that a decentralized service orientation is both ineffective and inefficient because it attracts few riders and requires large per-rider subsidies. This research tests whether a non-traditional, decentralized service orientation, called multidestination service, results in reduced service productivity. Contrary to what the literature suggests, we find that MSAs whose transit agencies pursued a multidestination service orientation did not experience lower productivity. These results indicate that policies that have encouraged the growth of decentralized transit services have not necessarily been detrimental to the industry.

轮轨冲击对构架疲劳的影响

以三轴机车转向架构架为例,建立其轮轨冲击的运动微分方程,通过龙格-库塔积分法得到了轮轨冲击的载荷时间历程,分析了轮轨动态冲击对构架疲劳寿命的影响。利用有限单元法建立了轮对、构架、车体的整体有限元模型,采用瞬态动力学分析得到构架危险点的应力时间历程,结合材料的S-N曲线以及疲劳损伤累积准则,进行了构架的疲劳寿命计算,得到轮轨低接头冲击下构架疲劳寿命。分析结果表明:构架的应力响应并不与轮轨处的激励同时达到最大,且在激励结束后有一较长的响应过程;轮轨冲击对构架的疲劳影响较大,尤其对轴箱弹簧座处的侧梁下盖板的寿命影响最为显著,在25·0m轨长的错牙接头作用下,其疲劳寿命为5·15×106km。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症对机体液递物质的影响及疗效

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化门脉高压症对机体液递物质的影响及其临床疗效评价。方法肝硬化门脉高压症患者40例,分为TIPS组和内科组,每组20例。另选健康成人20例,作为正常对照组。应用放免法及生化分析法测定各组各时段血清一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及血浆丙二醛(MDA)的水平,观察临床表现及肝功能的变化。结果TIPS术后所有患者出血停止,一般状况改善明显,TIPS术后1 d血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)较术前升高,且差异有显著性(P<0.01),术后7 d有所降低,与术前相比无显著性差异。两治疗组40例患者血清NOI、L-6及血浆MDA水平治疗前后均高于健康正常人(P<0.01)。TIPS组术后NO水平与内科组治疗一周后相比明显升高(P<0.01)。TIPS组术后NO水平较术前明显升高(P<0.01)。结论TIPS治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症近期疗效显著,术后肝功能无明显损害;术后血清NO水平升高,其机制可能与TIPS引起门脉及全身血流动力学变化有关;MDA无明显变化,表明肝脏总的血流灌注减少不明显。     

非线性优化AHP法在公交服务水平评价中应用

本文应用非线性优化AHP法确定指标权重系数,改进了传统AHP法的不足之处,针对评价指标的模糊性,建立城市公交服务水平模糊综合评价模型,并通过实例分析和计算,验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

Distributed support modelling for vertical track dynamic analysis

The finite length nature of rail-pad supports is characterised by a Timoshenko beam element formulation over an elastic foundation, giving rise to the distributed support element. The new element is integrated into a vertical track model, which is solved in frequency and time domain. The developed formulation is obtained by solving the governing equations of a Timoshenko beam for this particular case. The interaction between sleeper and rail via the elastic connection is considered in an analytical, compact and efficient way. The modelling technique results in realistic amplitudes of the ‘pinned–pinned’ vibration mode and, additionally, it leads to a smooth evolution of the contact force temporal response and to reduced amplitudes of the rail vertical oscillation, as compared to the results from concentrated support models. Simulations are performed for both parametric and sinusoidal roughness excitation. The model of support proposed here is compared with a previous finite length model developed by other authors, coming to the conclusion that the proposed model gives accurate results at a reduced computational cost.     

波纹钢板套衬解决隧道衬砌掉落病害的效果分析

为解决衬砌起层剥落病害问题,提出使用波纹钢板套衬的衬砌加固方法,即使用化学锚栓将波纹钢板与衬砌混凝土连接,并在中间添加填充材料。考虑衬砌混凝土掉落时波纹钢板单独作用,波纹钢板与化学锚栓共同作用,波纹钢板、化学锚栓和填充层共同作用3种不同工况,针对3种工况建立相应的有限元数值分析模型,并对加固效果进行计算和分析。计算结果表明： 波纹钢板单独作用时结构处于最不利情况,此时波纹钢板顶部挠度为110.2 mm,应力为136.8 MPa,满足变形和受力要求; 当考虑化学锚栓和填充层的作用时,结构响应最小。