Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.     

Recursive estimation of average vehicle time headway using single inductive loop detector data

Vehicle time headway is an important traffic parameter. It affects roadway safety, capacity, and level of service. Single inductive loop detectors are widely deployed in road networks, supplying a wealth of information on the current status of traffic flow. In this paper, we perform Bayesian analysis to online estimate average vehicle time headway using the data collected from a single inductive loop detector. We consider three different scenarios, i.e. light, congested, and disturbed traffic conditions, and have developed a set of unified recursive estimation equations that can be applied to all three scenarios. The computational overhead of updating the estimate is kept to a minimum. The developed recursive method provides an efficient way for the online monitoring of roadway safety and level of service. The method is illustrated using a simulation study and real traffic data.     

富水砂质地层的地铁区间隧道设计

深圳地铁2号线东延段安托山站—侨香站区间隧道顺利通过富水砂质地层的工程实例表明,在复杂地层中采用地面降水、超前预注浆及水平旋喷桩加固等辅助措施是成功的,也是必要的;另外,在隧道下穿次高压燃气管施工中,采用悬吊保护措施也为矿山法隧道施工和管线的绝对安全带来了技术保障。     

预应力锚索桩板式挡墙肋桩施工工艺

文章以云南省红河州个屯一级公路某桥梁预应力锚索桩板式挡墙施工为例,在计算分析挡墙稳定性的基础上,阐述了预应力锚索桩板式挡墙肋桩施工的工艺流程及要点,并提出了相应的挡墙肋桩施工验收及监管措施。     

驾驶人安全意识体验式训练装置研究

通过对目前常用驾驶人安全意识培训方法的对比,认为体验式培训为最适合的培训方法;进一步对我国2007-2010年间大型道路交通事故特征进行分析,得出驾乘人员不系安全带是引起人员伤亡一大原因。通过设计研发碰撞、翻转两个体验式训练装置,使驾乘人员在保证安全的前提下真切感受道路交通事故发生瞬间安全带对人体的保护作用,有效提高驾驶人的安全意识,减少道路交通事故的发生及人员的伤亡。     

柴油机尾气处理液及应用

柴油车排放法规的升级带来选择性催化还原(SCR)技术大量应用,作为SCR技术中必备消耗品,柴油机尾气处理液用于还原氮氧化物,从而实现尾气净化。文章详细阐述了SCR技术应用背景,以及柴油机尾气处理液在SCR系统中的净化反应机理;列举了柴油机尾气处理液主要产品标准规范,以及代表性的ISO22241规范主要技术指标;最后介绍了柴油机尾气处理液在国内外应用情况并提出在国内发展建议。     

Physical environments influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities

This study investigates the impacts of physical environments on bicyclists’ perceptions of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities. Based on a field investigation conducted in Nanjing, China, we find that physical environmental factors significantly influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on the two types of facility. Cyclists’ comfort is mainly influenced by the road geometry and surrounding conditions on physically separated paths while they pay attention to the effective riding space and traffic situations on on-street bicycle lanes.     

熊洞湾隧道出口平导涌水处理探讨

在熊洞湾隧道工程中,针对在平行导洞实施超前地质钻探时出现的涌水现象,通过采取地形地貌考察、TSP超前地质预报、红外探水、超前地质钻探以及水质检验等措施,最终确定了该出水点水源性质及处理方案.文章介绍了工程背景和地质特征,对涌水的原因,以及采取的处理方案和技术措施进行了分析研究.     

Ridership drivers of bus rapid transit systems

We have collected information on 46 bus rapid transit (BRT) systems throughout the world to investigate the potential patronage drivers. From a large number of candidate explanatory variables (quantitative and qualitative), 11 sources of systematic variation are identified which have a statistically significant impact on daily passenger-trip numbers. These sources are fare, headway, the length of the BRT network, the number of corridors, average distance between stations; whether there is: an integrated network of routes and corridors, modal integration at BRT stations, pre-board fare collection and fare verification, quality control oversight from an independent agency, at-level boarding and alighting, as well as the location of BRT. The findings of this paper offer important insights into features of BRT systems that are positive contributors to growing patronage and hence should be taken into account in designing and planning BRT systems.