双平面焊接圆管截面DKT节点的中心撑杆鞍点及冠点位置的应力集中系数(英文)

A set of parametric stress analyses was carried out for two-planar tubular DKT-joints under different axial loading conditions.The analysis results were used to present general remarks on the effects of the geometrical parameters on stress concentration factors(SCFs) at the inner saddle,outer saddle,and crown positions on the central brace.Based on results of finite element(FE) analysis and through nonlinear regression analysis,a new set of SCF parametric equations was established for fatigue design purposes.An assessment study of equations was conducted against the experimental data and original SCF database.The satisfaction of acceptance criteria proposed by the UK Department of Energy(UK DoE) was also checked.Results of parametric study showed that highly remarkable differences exist between the SCF values in a multi-planar DKT-joint and the corresponding SCFs in an equivalent uni-planar KT-joint having the same geometrical properties.It can be clearly concluded from this observation that using the equations proposed for uni-planar KT-connections to compute the SCFs in multi-planar DKT-joints will lead to either considerably under-predicting or over-predicting results.Hence,it is necessary to develop SCF formulae specially designed for multi-planar DKT-joints.Good results of equation assessment according to UK DoE acceptance criteria,high values of correlation coefficients,and the satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed equations and the experimental data guarantee the accuracy of the equations.Therefore,the developed equations can be reliably used for fatigue design of offshore structures.     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

Hyundai公司新一代1.8 L汽油机

Hyundai公司开发出1款新型1.8 L汽油机,以替代紧凑型及中型轿车上的老机型。该汽油机首次被配装在2011年亮相北美市场的Hyundai公司新款Elantra汽车上。通过应用双连续可变气门正时系统,以及能获得中、低速大扭矩和高速大功率的两级可变进气系统,这一新机型实现了高动力性能和低燃油耗。此外,优化了下部结构件和进气系统零部件,与此同时,也十分重视减轻部件质量,以降低噪声水平。该汽油机符合美国特超低排放车和欧5排放法规。简要介绍了新一代1.8 L直列4缸汽油机(Nu汽油机),以及为提高动力性能、减少燃油耗、降低排放和振动噪声而采取的各种相关技术。     

无源氨选择性催化还原三效催化器设计——稀燃火花点燃直接喷射汽油机适用的排气后处理系统

稀燃火花点燃直接喷射汽油机技术能改善燃油经济性,然而,稀燃运行时的氮氧化物（NOx）还原始终是实施有效节能技术的主要障碍。一些被广为应用的排气后处理技术包括了稀氮氧化物捕集和有源尿素选择性催化还原（SCR）技术,其缺点是材料成本高,并且需要用户干预尿素溶液充注。报道了一种既简单成本又低的无尿素的无源氨（NH3）-SCR系统,它具有在稀燃汽油机中应用的潜力。这种无源NH3-SCR排气后处理系统的关键组件包括紧耦合式三效催化转化器（TWC）和置于车底的SCR系统。可以通过短暂的发动机富油燃烧运行在三效催化转化器中生成NH3,然后将它储存在车底的SCR催化转化器中。在新欧洲行驶循环的瞬态循环稀燃运行时,通过TWC的NOx会被SCR催化转化器内储存的NH3还原。TWC的设计对NH3的生成至关重要,并对低排气温度下碳氢化合物及一氧化碳排放的降低起关键作用。总之,试验证实,无源NH3-SCR是一种适用于稀燃火花点燃直接喷射汽油机的高效、低成本的稀NOx后处理技术。详细介绍了该系统,以及包括稳态试验结果在内的其他结果。     

铝锂合金激光焊接时采用添加材料的效果

本文研究了B-1461和B-1469铝锂合金用激光焊方法完成焊接接头的组织形成特点和性能。业已证明,使用经稀土金属合金化的Al-Cu系添加材料,可以改善焊缝的成型,降低沿晶界形成气孔型缺陷的概率,提高焊接接头的机械性能。对焊接接头进行完全热处理可以保证提高它们的强度性能至基体金属强度的0.9。     

提高交流制电力机车的功率因数

传统的相控调压交流制电力机车采用平滑调节直流换向器电动机电压,机车粘着利用率高,但其固有缺点是功率因数较低.文章比较了几种无功功率补偿方法的优缺点.提出了用混合式滤波器来提高功率因数的方法,并进行了模拟试验.结果证明,采用混合式滤波器对于提高电力机车功率因数和降低电网电流和电压波形畸变,有明显效果.     

重型柴油机部分预混合燃烧的燃烧特性研究

部分顸混合燃烧（PPC）在燃烧可控性高和排放特性方面接近于均质充量压燃发动机。为了实现PPC,滞燃期必须足够长,以使燃油在燃烧前与空气充分混合。喷油需足够早,同时采用高废气再循环（EGR）率,以获得较长的滞燃期。为了明确PPC的原理,创建了燃烧特性随喷油定时、EGR率变化的脉谱图。在一台6缸重型柴油机上进行燃烧特性的研究,喷油始点由早到晚变化,EGR率的范围也很大。在参数扫描期间监控发动机的排放情况,在低排放、高效率的最佳区域内,研究了喷油压力和发动机转速对燃烧的影响,以获得对燃烧更全面的了解。     

车轮硬度的提高

介绍了对客货车辆车轮运用中造成各种类型损坏的统计分析，揭示了片面提钢轨头部硬度使轮轨系统造急剧损坏的教训，通过轮轨硬度的对比分析和试验研究，阐述了采用车轮轮辋淬火提高硬度、使之保持略高于钢轨头部硬度的水平，从而提高车轮的耐久性，延长使用寿命的方法。     

俄罗斯货车用弹性胶泥缓冲器的研究

介绍俄罗斯货车用缓冲器的研究情况，重点介绍弹性胶泥缓冲器的特性。