全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2649篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
公路运输 | 762篇 |
综合类 | 90篇 |
水路运输 | 870篇 |
铁路运输 | 85篇 |
综合运输 | 858篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 40篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 72篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 91篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 82篇 |
2013年 | 409篇 |
2012年 | 118篇 |
2011年 | 135篇 |
2010年 | 117篇 |
2009年 | 123篇 |
2008年 | 125篇 |
2007年 | 70篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 56篇 |
2004年 | 50篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 74篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 43篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 26篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1977年 | 26篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 24篇 |
1974年 | 23篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有2665条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
211.
W. Fauriat C. Mattrand N. Gayton A. Beakou T. Cembrzynski 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2016,54(5):585-605
When assessing the statistical variability of fatigue loads acting throughout the life of a vehicle, the question of the variability of road roughness naturally arises, as both quantities are strongly related. For car manufacturers, gathering information on the environment in which vehicles evolve is a long and costly but necessary process to adapt their products to durability requirements. In the present paper, a data processing algorithm is proposed in order to estimate the road profiles covered by a given vehicle, from the dynamic responses measured on this vehicle. The algorithm based on Kalman filtering theory aims at solving a so-called inverse problem, in a stochastic framework. It is validated using experimental data obtained from simulations and real measurements. The proposed method is subsequently applied to extract valuable statistical information on road roughness from an existing load characterisation campaign carried out by Renault within one of its markets. 相似文献
212.
G. S. Jung Y. H. Sung B. C. Choi C. W. Lee M. T. Lim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2012,13(3):347-353
Although premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion engines are praised for potentially high efficiency and clean
exhaust, experimental engines built to date emit more hydrocarbons (HCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) than the conventional machines.
These compounds are not only strictly controlled components of the exhaust gas of road vehicles but are also an energy loss
indicator. The prime objective of this study was to investigate the major sources of the HCs formed in the combustion chamber
of an experimental PCCI engine in order to suggest some effective technologies for HC reduction. In this study, to explore
the dominant sources of HC emissions in both operation modes, a single cylinder engine was prepared such that it could operate
using either conventional diesel combustion or PCCI combustion. Specifically, the contributions of the top-ring crevice volume
in the combustion chamber and the bulk quenching of the lean mixture were investigated. To understand the influence of the
shape and magnitude of the crevice on HC emissions, the engine was operated with 12 specially prepared pistons with different
top-ring crevices installed one after another. The engine emitted proportionally more HCs as the depth of the crevice increased
as long as the width remained narrower than the prevailing quench distance. The top-ring-crevice-originated exhaust HCs comprised
approximately 31% of the total HC emissions in the baseline condition. In a series of tests to estimate the effects of bulk
quench on exhaust HC emissions, intake air was heated from 300K to 400K in steps of 25K. With the intake air heated, HC and
CO emissions decreased with a gradually diminishing rate to zero at 375K. In conclusion, the most dominant sources of HC emissions
in PCCI engines were the crevice volumes in the combustion chamber and the bulk quenching of the lean mixtures. The key methods
for reducing HC emissions in PCCI engines are minimizing crevice volume in the combustion chamber and maximizing intake air
temperature allowed based on the permissible NOx level. 相似文献
213.
214.
K. S. Song S. O. Kang S. O. Jun H. I. Park J. D. Kee K. H. Kim D. H. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2012,13(6):905-914
This study proposes an aerodynamically optimized outer shape of a sedan by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which focused on modifying the rear body shapes of the sedan. To determine the optimization variables, the unsteady flow field around the sedan driving at very fast speeds was analyzed by CFD simulation, and fluctuations of the drag coefficient (C D ) and pressure around the car were calculated. After consideration of the baseline result of CFD, 6 local parts from the end of the sedan were chosen as the design variables for optimization. Moreover, an ANN approximation model was established with 64 experimental points generated by the D-optimal methodology. As a result, an aerodynamically optimized shape for the rear end of the sedan in which the aerodynamic performance is improved by about 5.64% when compared to the baseline vehicle is proposed. Finally, it is expected that within the accepted range of shape modifications for a rear body, the aerodynamic performance of a sedan can be enhanced so that the fuel efficiency of the sedan can be improved. The YF SONATA, a sedan manufactured by Hyundai Motors Corporate, played a major role in this research as the baseline vehicle. 相似文献
215.
J. U. Cho A. Kinloch B. Blackman F. S. Rodriguez Sanchez M. S. Han 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2012,13(7):1127-1131
Double-cantilever beam (DCB) and tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) specimens are the test configurations most commonly used to measure the fracture toughness of composites and adhesive joints. Strain rates of 1 to 18.47 m/s were applied to the test specimens via high-speed hydraulic test equipment. Because the fracture occurs through the adhesively bonded joints and the cracks grow rapidly, the crack length and beam displacement were recorded by a high-speed camera. An energy range from 0 to 10 J was often observed in the high-strain-rate fracture experiments for nonlinear plastic behavior of the dynamically loaded adhesively bonded DCB and TDCB specimens. The range of energy release rates (fracture energy) for TDCB specimen was 2 to 3 times higher than that of a DCB specimen for all high strain rates. The fracture energy of automotive adhesive joints can be estimated using the experimental results in this study for the fracture toughness (GIC) under high rates of loading. The crack grows as the applied fracture energy exceeds the value of the critical energy release rate (GIC) at the crack tip. The energy release rate was calculated using the fracture mechanics formula. The key fracture mechanics parameter, the fracture energy GIC, was ascertained as a function of the test rate and can be used to assess and model the overall joint performance. 相似文献
216.
P. Weston G. Yeo E. Stewart 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2015,53(7):1063-1091
This paper presents a view of the current state of monitoring track geometry condition from in-service vehicles. It considers technology used to provide condition monitoring; some issues of processing and the determination of location; how things have evolved over the past decade; and what is being, or could/should be done in future research. Monitoring railway track geometry from an in-service vehicle is an attractive proposition that has become a reality in the past decade. However, this is only the beginning. Seeing the same track over and over again provides an opportunity for observing track geometry degradation that can potentially be used to inform maintenance decisions. Furthermore, it is possible to extend the use of track condition information to identify if maintenance is effective, and to monitor the degradation of individual faults such as dipped joints. There are full unattended track geometry measurement systems running on in-service vehicles in the UK and elsewhere around the world, feeding their geometry measurements into large databases. These data can be retrieved, but little is currently done with the data other than the generation of reports of track geometry that exceeds predefined thresholds. There are examples of simpler systems that measure some track geometry parameters more or less directly and accurately, but forego parameters such as gauge. Additionally, there are experimental systems that use mathematics and models to infer track geometry using data from sensors placed on an in-service vehicle. Finally, there are systems that do not claim to measure track geometry, but monitor some other quantity such as ride quality or bogie acceleration to infer poor track geometry without explicitly measuring it. 相似文献
217.
This paper proposes a new neuron control strategy for an active vehicle suspension system, with the emphasis on the study
of multivariable and uncertain suspension characteristics. The novelty of this strategy is in the use of integrated error,
which consists of multiple output errors in the regulated plant. By combining the integrated error approach with the traditional
neuron control (TNC), integrated error neuron control (IENC) is presented. It provides a direct control to the multiple outputs
of the control plant simultaneously. Taking a quarter-car model as an example, the proposed control strategy is applied and
comparative simulations are carried out with various vehicle parameters and road input conditions. Simulation results prove
the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed IENC method. In addition, the newly proposed neuron scheme provides a simple
yet efficient new possibility for the control of a class of uncertain multivariable systems similar to an active vehicle suspension. 相似文献
218.
This paper establishes the simulation model of a city bus on the basis of the EQ6110 bus prototype and its experimental data.
According to the actual urban driving cycle, the fuel economy and the traction performance of the EQ6110 city bus have been
simulated, and factors such as the driving cycle, the loss of power to engine accessories, the gear-shifting strategy, the
fuel shut-off strategy of the engine, etc., which influence on the bus’s fuel economy, are also quantitatively analyzed. Some
conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) driving cycles have a great influence on the fuel economy of a city bus; (2) under the
typical urban driving cycle of the public bus in China, the engine fuel shut-off strategy can save about 1 to 1.5 percent
of the fuel consumption; and (3) the optimized gear-shifting rules can save 6.7 percent of the fuel consumption. Experimental
results verify that the fuel economy for the EQ6110 public bus is improved by 7.2 pecent over the actual Wuhan urban driving
cycle of the current public bus in China. 相似文献
219.
This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI)
and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for
the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NOx trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption
trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk
temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed
and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion,
and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel
alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used
as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection.
Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed
the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO2), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off
temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation. 相似文献
220.
This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual
stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically
predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method.
In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ
a
)
R
taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation
incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ
a
)
R
, the ΔP-N
f
relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were
systematically rearranged into (σ
a
)
R
-N
f
relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ
a
)
R
could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints. 相似文献