船体结构剩余强度评估方法研究

在设计阶段对船体可能发生的破损情况和剩余强度进行分析。根据分析结果优化结构设计,可以有效地提高船舶破损后的生存概率。以某双壳油船为例,采用SMITH法和非线性有限元法,计算破损后船体的剩余承载能力,比较2种计算方法的计算原理和结果。采用规范计算和直接预报的方式对船体破损后的波浪载荷进行预报。采用确定性方法和可靠性方法对破损船船体结构剩余强度进行评估,给出了实际应用中的使用建议。     

电控168F 汽油机燃烧与排放特性分析

自主开发了通用小型汽油机电控燃油喷射系统,通过柔性控制混合气浓度优化燃烧性能和发动机排放及其他综合性能。将其应用于168 F汽油机,通过研究过量空气系数（φa ）对整机工作过程和排放特性的影响来制订控制策略。为满足美国EPA现行排放法规,标定工况需使用比功率混合气偏浓的混合气减少NOx 排放,部分负荷采用偏稀的混合气控制CO和 HC排放,同时需要控制发动机的循环波动。结合优化点火提前角（θ）研究形成了整机匹配的最佳φa 和θ并写入MAP ,汽油机整机动力性不变,排放和经济性能提高,能全面满足用户使用和美国EPAⅢ排放法规要求。     

Application of a modified thermostatic control strategy to parallel mild HEV for improving fuel economy in urban driving conditions

A modified thermostatic control strategy is applied to the powertrain control of a parallel mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to improve fuel economy. This strategy can improve the fuel economy of a parallel mild HEV by operating internal combustion engine (ICE) in a high-efficiency region. Thus, in this study, experiments of a parallel mild HEV were conducted to analyze the characteristics of the hybrid electric powertrain and a numerical model is developed for the vehicle. Based on the results, the thermostatic control strategy was modified and applied to the vehicle model. Also, battery protection logic by using electrochemical battery model is applied because the active usage of battery by thermostatic control strategy can damage the battery. The simulation results of the vehicle under urban driving conditions show that the thermostatic control strategy can improve the vehicle’s fuel economy by 3.7 % compared with that of the conventional strategy. The results also suggest that the trade-off between the fuel economy improvement by efficient ICE operation and the battery life reduction by active battery usage should be carefully investigated when a thermostatic control strategy is applied to a parallel mild HEV.     

Real-time empirical NO<Subscript>x</Subscript> model based on In-cylinder pressure measurements for light-duty diesel engines

This paper proposes a real-time empirical model of NO_x emissions for diesel engines. The proposed model predicts the level of NO_x emissions using an empirical model developed based on the thermal NO formation mechanism, the extended Zeldovich mechanism. Since it is difficult to consider the exact physical NO formation phenomena in real-time applications, the proposed algorithm adapts the key factors of the NO formation mechanism from the extended Zeldovich mechanism: temperature of the burned gas, concentration of the gas species, and combustion duration where NO is generated. These factors are considered in a prediction model as four parameters: exhaust gas recirculation rate (EGR rate), crank angle location of 50 % of mass fraction burned (MFB50), exhaust lambda value, and combustion acceleration. The proposed prediction model is validated with various steady engine experiments that showed a high linear correlation with the NO_x emission measured by a NO_x sensor. Furthermore, it is also validated for transient experiments.     

Flamelet combustion model for stratified EGR distribution in a diesel engine

Numerous research has been devoted to finding a method to simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions from diesel engines. In-cylinder EGR stratification is a technique that simultaneously reduces NOx and soot using a nonuniform EGR distribution in the combustion chamber. To study the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification, a new combustion model is required that considers the non-uniform EGR distribution and the chemical kinetics. In this study, a new combustion model, the Flamelet for Stratified EGR (FSE) model, was developed to consider the non-uniform in-cylinder gas distribution based on chemical kinetics. The concept of the FSE model is based on using multiple flamelets with the multizone concept. To describe the non-uniform gas distribution, the combustion chamber is divided into several zones by oxygen concentration at the start of injection. Then, the flamelet equations are solved at the boundary of each zone. The final species mass fraction of each cell is calculated using linear interpolation between two results from the boundaries. In this paper, the FSE model was validated under in-cylinder EGR stratification conditions, and then, the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification was studied by using the FSE model. The effect of in-cylinder EGR stratification was verified under various injection timing, engine speed, and road conditions with optimized engine geometries. The results shows simultaneous NOx and soot reductions under the stratified EGR condition.     

基于侧斜的螺旋桨优化设计

螺旋桨的螺距、纵倾、侧斜、剖面参数等众多几何参数综合决定着螺旋桨的水动力性能,在进行螺旋桨优化设计的过程中,需要以这些参数为优化变量进行优化。本文以粒子群算法为工具,基于面元法理论,以侧斜为优化变量,推力系数为限制条件,敞水效率为优化目标,对螺旋桨进行优化设计。侧斜用贝塞尔曲线拟合方式进行表达,给定一定的变化范围,符合优化过程中的实际变化。对优化结果进行分析,螺旋桨敞水效率提高,同时改善了桨叶表面的压力分布,有利于延迟空泡的产生;优化桨在0-1的进速中敞水效率均比原桨提高。     

燃料电池轿车氢瓶保护系统设计分析研究

相对于传统汽车,燃料电池汽车配有对安全性要求相当高的氢气瓶,必须设计有效的保护系统对其进行约束和保护.文章基于显式有限元理论,按照CMVDR294法规对国内自主开发的某燃料电池轿车进行正面碰撞分析,对比分析两种氢瓶保护系统设计方案的计算结果,为最终的方案确定提供参考依据.     

北京市小汽车发展的外部效应分析

从公共经济学角度,对北京市小汽车的发展进行了外部效应分析,指出了随着保用量的增长,对社会产生负外部效应,提出了矫正小汽车发展外部效应的措施建议,希望能够为有关政府部门制定决策提供理论借鉴。     

自锚式悬索桥钢箱梁拖拉法施工技术

天津富民桥空间索面自锚式悬索桥施工采用先梁后索法,主跨钢箱梁采用水中平台拖拉法施工,边跨钢箱梁采用大吨位吊车直接吊装施工.主要介绍该桥钢箱梁的施工技术.     

基于CAN的城市客车ABS／ASR／ECB集中控制系统

在分析基于CAN的ABS（Anti-Lock Braking System,防抱死制动系统）、ASR（Anti-Slide Retractor,驱动防滑控制）和ECB（Eddy Current Brake,电涡流缓速器）集中控制系统CAN总线接口的基础上,实现了基于CAN的ABS、ASR和ECB集中控制。