Ultimate hull girder strength of a bulk carrier under combined global and local loads in the hogging and alternate hold loading condition using nonlinear finite element analysis

For bulk carriers in hogging, the most critical situation is the alternate hold loading (AHL) condition with odd numbered holds loaded with high density cargoes and even numbered holds empty. The effect of the local lateral pressure loads should be considered in the assessment of ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging and AHL conditions. In the present paper the ultimate strength of a Capesize bulk carrier hull girder under combined global and local loads in the hogging and AHL condition is extensively and systematically investigated using nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis with ABAQUS software. Since the bulk carrier used as a reference vessel in this study is an old design we also studied the effect of modified scantlings by multiplying the plate thickness in the bottom structure by a design modification factor (DMF). In particular, it should be noted that a DMF of 1.4 gives a design in accordance with the new CSR rules. Based on the results obtained by nonlinear FE analyses, a practical interaction equation is established between global hogging bending capacity and average external sea pressure over the bottom.     

免棱镜全站仪在桥梁拱圈竖向线形检测中的应用研究

既有拱桥在检测时,拱圈竖向线形测量工作量大、危险性高、操作不方便,为解决这个难题,提出一种在拱桥侧面适当位置架设免棱镜全站仪测量拱圈竖向线形的方法,并给出详细操作步骤.分析该方法测量误差的主要来源,并根据误差传播定律,推导拱圈竖向线形测量中误差的计算公式.工程实例证明,该方法具有简单、实用价值高、适应性强等优点,是桥梁拱圈竖向线形检测的一种较好方法.     

Influence of the accelerating operation mechanism on the combustion noise in DI-diesel engines

This paper focuses on the mechanisms of combustion noise during the accelerating operation of multi-cylinder diesel engines using testing technology for the transient conditions of IC engines. Based on impact factors, such as the gas dynamic load and cylinder pressure oscillations, tests and analysis of the combustion noise during transient and steady-state conditions for different loads are made on four-cylinder naturally aspirated engines, turbocharged engines, EGR-introduced engines, and high pressure common rail engines. The laws of combustion noise difference for the same engine speed and load are researched during transient and steady-state conditions. It is found that during transient conditions, the maximum pressure rise rate and the high frequency oscillation amplitude of the cylinder pressure are all higher than those observed during steadystate conditions for the same engine speed and load. With their joint action, the combustion noise during transient conditions is greater than that during steady-state conditions. Turbocharging is useful in reducing the combustion noise during transient conditions. Turbocharging has a better effect on the control over the combustion noise during transient conditions with a constant engine speed and an increasing torque than in conditions with a constant torque and an increasing engine speed. One of the main reasons for different control effects on the combustion noise is that turbocharging causes different wall temperatures inside combustion chambers. The introduction of the appropriate EGR is helpful in the reduction of the combustion noise during transient conditions. The key to the control of combustion noise with EGR during transient conditions is whether a real-time adjustment to the EGR rate can be made to achieve the optimization of the EGR rates for different transient conditions. By means of analyzing the differences in the combustion noise between the transient and steady-state conditions for different pilot injection controls, we obtain a strategy for controlling the combustion noise during transient conditions with a pilot injection. Compared with the steady-state conditions, a larger pilot injection quantity and a longer interval between the main injection and pilot injection should be selected for transient conditions, and this is verified through tests.     

烟大铁路轮渡工程船舶系泊的数值模拟

通过B样条高阶边界元方法对烟大铁路轮渡工程船舶系泊进行了数值模拟研究。数值模拟分析了在不同方向入射波浪,不同承栽情况,不同系缆方式作用下的船舶水动力响应,为码头方案设计提供科学依据。     

数字地面模型拼接方法的研究

该文针对数字地面模型(DTM)的拼接问题提出了基于拼接线对三角网进行裁减的算法,并对其基本原理及主要过程进行了详细介绍。运用该算法编制的程序实现了数模之间的良好衔接,使数模满足构建线路三维模型的要求。     

低散热发动机隔热件热强度有限元分析

论述了低散热发动机在特种车辆上应用的意义及研制存在的困难;分析了低散热发动机的传热特点,运用经验公式确定了传热边界条件;分析了非稳态导热有限元计算的特点,运用有限元法对隔热部件进行了热强度分析。计算结果表明:热负荷和热应力增大是造成隔热件可靠性降低的主要因素之一。     

哑铃型钢纤维粉煤灰混凝土基本力学性能及抗弯韧性

为了研究哑铃型钢纤维对混凝土力学性能的效用，试验研究了新拌纤维混凝土的坍落度和密度，测定了纤维混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量、抗劈裂强度；基于美国ASTM及日本JCI方法，用四点弯曲梁测得了抗弯初裂强度、抗弯拉强度和抗弯韧性等。试验证明：哑铃型纤维能够均匀地分散在混凝土中，纤维无结团现象；该纤维对混凝土具有良好的增强和增韧双重效应，对抗弯初裂强度、抗弯拉强度和抗弯韧性等力学指标都有明显的提高。     

金属带式无级变速传动系统的振动模态

本文建立了速比i=2.0、i=0.5两种工况下的金属带式无级变速传动系统的实体和有限元模型，针对其复杂的结构，提出了节点－节点离散杆单元模型，简化并建立了系统的结构动态模型。运用灵敏度 Lanczos迭代法求解系统的振动模态。在车辆传动实验台上采集了运行过程中传动系统的加速响应信号。在此基础上运用环境激励的模态分析方法识别了系统的固有特性参数，并与理论计算值进行了比较。结果证明本文提出模型的正确合理性。该研究所用的方法及计算的结果有助于提高无级变速器传动系统的运行平稳性，为降低系统在运行过程中产生的噪声提供理论参考。     

运动图像处理在车型识别中的应用

本文介绍了多品种混流机器人喷漆自动线的汽车车型识别系统的一种方法，提出了基于运动序列图像的自适应阈值判别法，利用特征匹配法解决了同种车型的图像在结构上产生局部变化的识别问题。     

水泥粉煤灰级配碎石基层试验路研究

通过对水泥粉煤灰级配碎石基层混合料试验路的现场检测，分析其物理力学性能变化规律，并对水泥粉煤灰级配碎石基层混合料的路用性能做出评价。