巩固提速调图成果深入推进运输集约化为和谐铁路建设作出积极贡献——在全路货运营销工作会议上的讲话(摘要)

2007年1-7月，铁路货运量实现大幅度增长，运输效率持续提升，重点运输得到有效保证，车流径路调整和产品结构优化效果明显，各项重点工作稳步推进。货运工作要充分发挥新图效应，促进货运量保持高速增长；科学安排计划，全力以赴确保重点物资运输；精心组织运输，切实提高运输效率；组织开好方案列车，积极支持专业运输发展；加快建设战略装卸车点，推动运输生产的规模化发展；加快实施大客户战略和货运办理方式改革，促进货运经营的集约化发展；加快推进信息化建设工作，着力提高货运服务质量。     

Environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems of the Yellow Sea during 1976–2000

The changes in the environmental features of the Yellow Sea during the last 25 years of the 20th century were studied using a set of seasonally monitored data along a transect (at 36°N) maintained by the State Oceanic Administration of China. The data included the ocean temperature (T), salinity (S) and biogenic elements, such as dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphorus (PO₄-P), silicon (SiO₃-Si) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN).The seasonal (summer and winter) values and the annual mean of these elements showed significant changes during the monitored period. Time series of T, S, DIN and N:P ratios exhibited positive trends, while those of DO, P and Si exhibited negative trends. During this period, the annual mean of T and DIN in the Yellow Sea increased by 1.7 °C and 2.95 μmol L⁻¹, respectively, while those of DO, P and Si decreased by 59.1, 0.1 and 3.93 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. In the 1980s, particularly in between 1985 and 1989, concentrations of P and Si dropped to near the ecological threshold for growth of diatoms. The N:P ratio increased from 4 in 1984 to over 16 in 2000. The climate trend coefficients, R_xt, for these time series are all above 0.43 with significance levels of 95%, except for salinity. The increases in T were consistent with the recent climate warming in northern China and the adjacent seas, i.e. the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. The reduction of DO was probably attributable to the increase in T and decrease in primary production in these regions. The positive trend of DIN was mainly attributable to precipitation and partly to Changjiang River discharge. The negative concentration trends of P and Si were due to the decreases in their concentrations in seawater that flowed to the Yellow Sea from the Bohai Sea. As a result, N:P ratios greatly increased in the seawater of the Yellow Sea.Moreover, some important responses of the Yellow Sea ecosystems to the changes in physical variables and chemical biogenic elements were obviously displayed. These responses include strengthening nutrient limitation, decreasing chlorophyll a, primary production and phytoplankton abundance, succession of dominant phytoplankton species from diatoms to non-diatoms, changes in fish community structure and species diversity.     

铁路信息系统服务器资源整合的思考

根据铁路运输组织、客货营销、经营管理等方面的要求,在不同时期由相关部门开发建设,形成了铁路信息系统独享资源的运用模式。随着铁路运输生产力布局的调整,提高既有系统资源利用率,节约新建系统的投资,方便维护管理,有必要对原有铁路信息系统服务器资源进行整合。简化目前众多复杂的应用运行环境,改变以业务类别为中心的纵向部署方式,采用应用软件层次化设计,按照功能类别将服务器进行整合,达到实现提高系统的利用率和可靠性,节约投资,加强系统维护管理的目的。     

沿海干散货船的船价影响因素及概率统计分析

由于船舶的投资额很大,所以航运企业在做投资决策之前对船价的影响因素做系统的分析,并对其进行准确的估计,对航运企业来说是至关重要的。本文分析了近几年沿海干散货船舶市场的影响因素,并运用概率统计的方法给出了近期船价的概率分布模型。     

加快构建货运安全保障体系为和谐铁路建设提供可靠安全保障——在全路货运安全工作座谈会上的讲话(摘要)

2007年以来,全路货运系统认真贯彻铁道部党组关于第六次大面积提速调图安全的总体部署,货运安全工作取得显著成绩。提速货运安全规章制度体系基本形成;装车质量明显提高;安全薄弱环节得到加强;安全监测设备的保障能力持续增强;重点岗位人员业务素质有所提高。当前,加快建设和完善货运安全保障体系是确保实现货运安全稳定的重大任务,以健全完善规章制度、精细装载质量控制、强化危险货物运输管理、建设安全监控网络、提高职工队伍素质、严格安全考核机制为重点,开创货运安全管理工作新局面。2007年下半年,要重点做好5个方面的工作:加快信息化建设步伐;搞好货运安全生产专项整治;加强装卸作业管理工作;深入推进"两整合一建设";深化实施内涵挖潜提效。全路货运系统要认真抓好各项工作的推进和落实,为和谐铁路建设作出新的更大贡献。     

租船运输业务与法律课程双语教学的理论研究与实践

在航海院校中开展专业课程双语教学对提高学生的综合素质很有必要,即提高了学生的外语水平,又提升专业知识和能力,培养高素质的国际航运人才。双语教学的教学质量取决教师、学习者、教材、教学方法和手段。双语教学在我国仍然处于尝试阶段,它是一个系统工程,许多问题需要研究和解决。     

G305线田庄台大桥主桥桩基础施工

主要介绍、分析主桥墩水中2．2m桩施工中遇到的一些问题及施工过程。     

美军指挥控制战特征及其发展趋势

随着网络中心战理论在现代战争中的不断深入应用，美军指挥控制战有了新的理念和实质。介绍指挥控制战的内涵，功能要素和配套作战手段，分析各种实体之间的关系和作用，指出美军为增强指挥控制战而采取的措施，以及阐述指挥控制战特征发展趋势。     

会计电算化环境下企业内控的分析与研究

随着财务电算化工作的普及深入,会计信息系统的内部控制问题越来越受到人们的重视,本文针对会计信息系统存在的风险,研究了进行内部控制的必要性,重点对电算化会计信息系统实施内部控制提出相应的方法与对策。