Sampling of alternatives for route choice modeling

This paper presents a new paradigm for choice set generation in the context of route choice model estimation. We assume that the choice sets contain all paths connecting each origin–destination pair. Although this is behaviorally questionable, we make this assumption in order to avoid bias in the econometric model. These sets are in general impossible to generate explicitly. Therefore, we propose an importance sampling approach to generate subsets of paths suitable for model estimation. Using only a subset of alternatives requires the path utilities to be corrected according to the sampling protocol in order to obtain unbiased parameter estimates. We derive such a sampling correction for the proposed algorithm.Estimating models based on samples of alternatives is straightforward for some types of models, in particular the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In order to apply MNL for route choice, the utilities should also be corrected to account for the correlation using, for instance, a path size (PS) formulation. We argue that the PS attribute should be computed based on the full choice set. Again, this is not feasible in general, and we propose a new version of the PS attribute derived from the sampling protocol, called Expanded PS.Numerical results based on synthetic data show that models including a sampling correction are remarkably better than the ones that do not. Moreover, the Expanded PS shows good results and outperforms models with the original PS formulation.     

地铁暗挖工程对既有结构影响的控制——大北窑桥DB134、DB135、DB142桥桩加固技术

为减小暗挖施工对既有桥梁短桩的环境影响,北京地铁10号线国贸站通过采用复合锚杆桩对既有桥梁短桩进行加固隔离围护,以达到减小桥桩沉降的目的,介绍复合锚杆桩的施工工艺。     

严峻问题——经济、燃油或本、运力、码头运输工人联盟谈判产生了不确定性

今年关于太平洋航线有两个不确定因素，即美国进口量增长将会大大放缓，同时美国出口量会继续增加。因此，几乎所有其他的问题都是不确定的：进口量是否会增长还是会减少？航运公司是否会随着船只规模的增加，而为贸易业务分配更多运力，或者仅仅保持现有运力？他们是否能够成功增加运费以弥补成本的增长？发货人是否同意支付完全不固定的船舶燃油附加费？     

一种单相电容电机变频调速方法

为使单相电容电机可作高性能的变频调速，根据这种电机结构和特点，利用磁通空间矢量的电机内近似构成圆形旋转磁场的原理，提出了一种新的变频调速方法，并对相关的控制模式和参数计算作了探讨。结果表明：该方法具有优良的起动和调速特性，尤其便于电机的恒转矩或恒功率调速控制。另外，该方法所使用的主电路可兼顾三相电机的变频调速。     

Interval estimation in the calibration of certain trip distribution models

This paper argues for interval, rather than point, estimation when calibrating some variants of the trip distribution “gravity” models. Analytic expressions are derived for the approximate asymptotic covariances of least squares and maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in the impedance function under a variety of conditions. A comparative numerical example, and an application using migration flows, are also presented.     

青田塔山大桥V形墩施工过程分析

青田塔山大桥V形墩及0号段施工中采用数值模拟,对包括平衡支架施工、斜腿临时预应力束、钢撑杆临时拉结及0号段混凝土浇筑等几个施工阶段做过程分析,根据分析结果,采取相应的辅助控制措施,保证施工过程的安全可靠。     

Satellite and resort offices in Japan

Environmental and qualify-of-life issues are taking on an increasing social and political significance the world over. Even in Japan, a country so often criticized for its economic-dominated outlook, talk is turning to these issues. Advances in telecommunications and a growing awareness of the need to change how we live and function in an increasingly threatened environment has brought telework to the forefront of the debate on the nature of work and how our cities function.After setting the broad Japanese social context, this paper will look at the progress of telework in Japan to date with especial emphasis on several current satellite and resort office pilots. It will summarize the findings and proposals of several available reports, and will also attempt to identify the overall outlook for telework in Japan.