Purification effects of C2Cl6 on A00 aluminum

The effects of several fluxes on purification, microstructures and properties of A00 aluminum have been studied. The experimental results and analyses indicate that many cracks and large porosities exist in the surface film above the melt purified by C₂Cl₆ and that the film is floc and mostly composed of Al₂O₃ and pure aluminum, which carries many carbon particles and AlCl₃ not fully volatilized. And then over 50% (mass fraction) of the all-melting residue is pure aluminum, which is one of the major reasons for high melting loss. Moreover, because of a mass of gas bubbles and a state of seethe, there are many inclusions which size is under 10 ??m in the microstructure of A00 aluminum purified with C₂Cl₆ or fluxes containing C₂Cl₆. With this purifying method, the aluminum crystal grains are extended along the radius that was observed firstly and the average crystal size of A00 aluminum are about 100?C150 ??m. In addition, small size inclusions have little affected on tensile strength and micro inclusions under 10 ??m have little affected on elongation.     

近接隧道中减振孔的爆破振动控制效应研究

新建隧道爆破施工时, 邻近既有隧道在爆破应力波作用下会产生一定的振动响应, 严重时会引起既有隧道衬砌结构开裂、 崩落等, 对既有隧道结构的安全与稳定构成一定威胁。 为了有效降低新建隧道爆破作业对邻近既有隧道的危害, 研究近接隧道中减振孔的爆破振动控制效益就显得尤为重要。 基于此, 本文分析研究了不同减振孔直径、 间距、 位置、 排数条件下的岩体质点振速及减振效率的变化规律, 得出描述减振率与减振孔参数间的关系式。 并借助数值分析软件 ANSYS / LS-DYNA, 分析近接隧道爆破中减振孔的降振效果。 研究结果表明: (1) 减振孔直径越大, 减振孔间距越小, 对爆破应力波的衰减作用越显著。 (2) 减振孔距爆源越近, 减振孔排数越多, 对爆破应力波的衰减作用越显著。 (3) 四个因素对爆破振动强度的影响程度由大至小依次为减振孔排数、 减振孔位置、 减振孔直径、 减振孔间距。 (4) 既有隧道中心断面前后 10m 范围内是关乎结构安全的重点部位, 单排减振孔对中心断面各部位的减振率达到 30% ~40%。     

综合客运枢纽旅客换乘服务水平评价方法

为提高城市客运系统的运行效率,提升综合客运枢纽服务水平,适应综合客运枢纽建设的发展趋势,从“设施设备、客流组织、换乘效率、换乘服务”四个方面入手,分析综合客运枢纽旅客换乘服务水平的重要影响因素,建立了旅客换乘服务水平评价指标体系。基于层次分析法,提出旅客换乘服务水平评价方法,并通过案例进行验证。研究结果表明,该方法可有效衡量综合客运枢纽的旅客换乘服务水平,并对综合客运枢纽的换乘衔接、交通组织、换乘服务等方面进行评估,可为综合客运枢纽旅客换乘服务水平评估提供参考。     

大跨刚架拱桥病害分析及加固研究

在对某座刚架拱桥进行安全检测的现场发现主拱大节点裂缝、横向联系梁破坏等病害。该文根据现场检测结果,分析了刚架拱桥常见病害形式及产生原因。采用BCI评价对该桥进行整体技术状况进行评定,并根据评定结果针对性地提出了对刚架拱桥加固的建议。其检测结果、建议加固措施对同类拱桥病害处理具有借鉴意义。     

自动进路原理中触发时刻的最优化分析

首先分析了进路触发时刻对自动进路以及运营效率的影响,然后本着运营效率最大化的原则,针对三种不同的信号布局,详细阐述了进路触发时刻的最优测算原则,最后对自动进路功能在复杂情况下的综合应用进行了分析。     

湿空气透平循环（HAT循环）中饱和器性能实验台的设计

本实验模拟了实际ＨＡＴ循环中饱和器的热力过程，通过实验，研究分析，影响饱和器性能的主要因素，从而探讨了ＨＡＴ循环的商业化途径，本文介绍了实验装置流程，饱和器结构，喷雾嘴布置及水加热设备的设计。     

应用型本科课程教学与相关证书认证培训的探索——以盐城工学院车辆工程专业为例

传统的教学模式重理论轻实践,课堂上主要以填鸭式授课模式讲授,很多专业课缺乏连续的创新性实践教学,以至于学生无法将所学知识得到运用.本论文将研究如何把理论学习案例分析认证培训带薪预就业实习的有机结合,运用在车辆工程专业创新人才培养中,为应用型高校理工科专业教学改革提供新思路.     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.