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101.
Marne Lieggio Junior Sérgio Ronaldo Granemann Osmar Ambrósio de Souza Carlos Henrique Rocha 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(7):677-696
Abstract This article applies a methodology for selecting carriers for the transportation of dangerous goods by road, with a special focus on risk management aspects. The methodology makes use of Stated Preference techniques and verifies the most critical risk-related variables influencing decision-making from the shippers' point of view. It embraces the planning and execution stages, an evaluation of the contracted company and a feedback process. The methodology was effectively applied to the case of liquid fuel shippers in the Brazilian middle-west region where it proved possible to identify which dangerous goods road transport company to contract in accordance with the risk management factors selected by the decision makers. 相似文献
102.
José Manuel Vassallo Pablo Pérez De Villar Ramón Muñoz‐Raskin Tomás Serebrisky 《运输评论》2013,33(2):261-278
Abstract Public transport policy in the Madrid Metropolitan Area is often deemed as a success. In 1985, an important reform was carried out in order to create a new administrative authority to coordinate all public transport modes and establish a single fare for all of them. This reform prompted a huge growth in public transport usage, even though it reduced the funding coverage ratio of the transport system. Since then, Madrid’s public transport system has been undergoing an increasing level of subsidization, which might jeopardize the financial viability of the city public transport system in the future. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the evolution of the public transport funding policy in Madrid in recent years. We found that the increasing level of subsidy can hardly be explained on the basis of equity issues. Moreover, we claim that there is still room for a funding policy that makes the efficiency of the system compatible with its financial sustainability. 相似文献
103.
Road restraint systems are roadside structures that include safety barriers, crash cushions, terminal of barriers, the transitions among different road restraint systems, motorcyclist protection devices, etc. These systems are used to protect vehicle occupants from dangerous roadside elements and are a key issue in roadside safety. 相似文献
104.
X.A. Padin G. Navarro M. Gilcoto A.F. Rios F.F. Pérez 《Journal of Marine Systems》2009,75(1-2):280-289
An empirical algorithm has been developed to compute the sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2sw) in the Bay of Biscay from remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SSTRS) and chlorophyll a (chl aRS) retrieved from AVHRR and SeaWiFS sensors, respectively. Underway fCO2sw measurements recorded during 2003 were correlated with SSTRS and chl aRS data yielding a regression error of 0.1 ± 7.5 µatm (mean ± standard deviation). The spatial and temporal variability of air–sea fCO2 gradient (ΔfCO2) and air–sea CO2 flux (FCO2) was analyzed using remotely sensed images from September 1997 to December 2004. An average FCO2 of ? 1.9 ± 0.1 mol m? 2 yr? 1 characterized the Bay of Biscay as a CO2 sink that is suffering a significant long-term decrease of 0.08 ± 0.05 mol m? 2 yr? 2 in its capacity to store atmospheric CO2. The main parameter controlling the long-term variability of the CO2 uptake from the atmosphere was the air–sea CO2 transfer velocity (57%), followed by the SSTRS (10%) and the chl aRS (2%). 相似文献
105.
Thomas Degré 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2007,6(1):37-49
The Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU) has defined criteria aimed at better targeting of ships for Port State Control
inspections. These criteria are mostly based on ship detentions or deficiencies. Another approach proposed in this paper is
based on the concept of risk, combining in various ways the probability of the occurrence of casualties and the potential
consequences of such occurrences. These measures are to help identify High Risk Vessels (HRV) and to inspect them accordingly. 相似文献
106.
L. Fouillé J. -S. Broc B. Bourges J. Bougnol P. Mestayer 《Recherche - Transports - Sécurité》2012,28(3-4):190-200
The authors present a recent development in the use of classic travel demand models (TDMs) to environmental impact assessment of transport, far from its initial target. By comparing previous cases found in the literature (Chester, Seoul, Florence, Brisbane and Saint-Etienne) with their present works (Eval-PDU in Nantes), the authors notice that their predecessors tend to be evasive on their use of TDM. Hence, traffic data are little discussed in these works, while their works constitute one of the main stakes in this kind of study. Indeed, the hypotheses for traffic modeling are impacting the next steps of the modeling chain (pollutants emission/dispersion). The importance of this first modeling stage implies that relevant attention has to be brought to their assumptions and input data. 相似文献
107.
Jorge Ambrósio João Pombo Pedro Antunes Manuel Pereira 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2015,53(3):314-328
The pantograph–catenary dynamic interaction analysis program (PantoCat) addresses the need for a dynamic analysis code able to analyse models of the complete overhead energy collecting systems that include all mechanical details of the pantographs and the complete topology and structural details of the catenary. PantoCat is a code based on the finite element method, for the catenary, and multibody dynamics methods, for the pantograph, integrated via a co-simulation procedure. A contact model based on a penalty formulation is selected to represent the pantograph–catenary interaction. PantoCat enables models of catenaries with multiple sections, including their overlap, the operation of multiple pantographs and the use of any complex loading of the catenary or pantograph mechanical elements including aerodynamic effects. The models of the pantograph and catenary are fully spatial being simulated in tangential or curved tracks, with or without irregularities and perturbations. User-friendly interfaces facilitate the construction of the models while the post-processing facilities provide all quantities of interest of the system response according to the norms and industrial requirements. 相似文献
108.
Alban Leroyer Sophie Barré Jean-Michel Kobus Michel Visonneau 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(1):1-15
This article aims at verifying the capabilities of a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANSE) solver (ISIS-CFD, developed
at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of Ecole Centrale de Nantes [LMF]) to accurately compute the flow around an oar blade and
to deduce the forces on it and other quantities such as efficiency. This solver is structurally capable of computing the flow
around any blade shape for any movement in six degrees of freedom, both when the blade pierces the free surface of the water
and when it does not. To attempt a first validation, a computation was performed for a simplified case chosen among those
for which experimental results are available at LMF. If results prove satisfactory for a simplified blade shape and for a
movement that respects the main characteristics of blade kinematics, then the solver could be used for real oars and more
realistic kinematics. First, the experimental setup is considered, and the objectives, methodologies, and procedures are elucidated.
The choice of the test case for numerical validation is explained, i.e., a plane rectangular blade with a constant immersion
and a specified movement deduced from analogy with tests on propellers. Next, the numerical framework is presented and the
Navier-Stokes solver and methods for handling multifluid flows and moving bodies are described. Lastly, numerical results
are compared with experimental data, highlighting an encouraging agreement and proving the relevance and the complementarity
of both approaches. 相似文献
109.
Residual circulation and sediment distribution in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport models have been developed and applied to the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal. The application consisted in the study of the residual circulation, the residence time as well as the sediment dynamics in the lagoon. High residence time for particles situated at the far end of the main channels points out that they are retained for a long time and tend to remain there, with high probability of being deposited into the bed. Low residence time for the central areas implies that the particles are flushed out more rapidly toward the lagoon mouth, revealing that the water and the particles exchange are very effective there. Although the residual circulation due to the rivers induces an overall transport toward the lagoon mouth, the residual circulations due to the winds induce particular circulation patterns (clockwise or counter-clockwise eddies) at some locations of the lagoon, depending on the wind direction. It was found that the suspended sediment concentrations along the main channels are induced by tidal asymmetries (resulting in areas of ebb and flood dominance), as well as by the wind stress and rivers runoff effects. They contribute, in general, to increase the sediment export toward the ocean, although the wind stress may induce currents and circulations in the opposite direction of the tidal currents. High turbid zones are observed for strong tidal currents, associated with tidal asymmetries, as well as with high rivers runoff. The erosion–deposition budget indicates a tendency for sediment accumulation at important areas of the lagoon, namely the shallow ones. 相似文献
110.
José María López Felipe Jiménez Francisco Aparicio Nuria Flores 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(1):1-5
Due to growing concerns about NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines, stricter regulations are being introduced requiring advanced emission control technology. In response the diesel industry has begun testing various emission control technologies and applying them. To assess vehicle renewal policies of bus companies, two exhaust after-treatment technologies are compared: the combination of a diesel particulate filter and an exhaust gas re-circulation system and the combination of a selective catalytic reduction and urea. On-board emission measurements were conducted under real-world driving conditions on a specific bus route in the city of Madrid. 相似文献