体外大鼠成骨细胞对破骨细胞形成的影响

目的通过将鼠成骨细胞与破骨细胞直接共培养的实验方法,研究成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响。方法按照M-CSF 30μg/L、RANKL 50μg/L的浓度对鼠骨髓单个核细胞诱导培养6 d,与原代培养3 d的鼠成骨细胞按细胞数量1∶1直接共培养,加入1,25-(OH)2D31×10-8mol/L和PGE21×10-6mol/L,利用形态学观察、TRAP染色、骨吸收陷窝检测等方法对共培养细胞进行鉴定。结果成骨细胞与破骨细胞共培养时,成骨细胞有明显的生长优势;染色后显微镜下可见大量呈单层排列的成骨细胞,偶见TRAP( )的破骨细胞。结论成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响与两者的相对数量有关。本实验中,由于成骨细胞快速生长,当其数量多于破骨细胞时,可能使1,25-(OH)2D3对成骨细胞RANKL表达的上调作用不足,且PGE2对成骨细胞OPG表达的下调作用不足,从而主要表现为对破骨细胞形成及分化的抑制作用。     

快速老化小鼠的学习记忆缺陷及其生化机制

目的用快速老化小鼠(SAMP8)模拟老年痴呆,观察其学习记忆能力,并探讨其学习记忆能力下降的可能机制。方法采用10月龄SAMP8,并用同龄抗快速老化小鼠(SAMR1)作为正常对照。用水迷路检测近记忆以及空间学习记忆能力。用生物化学方法检测大脑皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力,观察线粒体功能;检测皮层和海马胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活力,观察中枢胆碱能神经功能;检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察其全身性氧化应激状况。结果与SAMR1相比,SAMP8出现明显的衰老体征,其近记忆和空间学习记忆能力明显减弱,具有衰老和痴呆特征;皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力显著降低,海马ChAT活力显著下降,AChE活力显著升高,血清SOD活力稍有增高。结论SAMP8可以很好地模拟老年痴呆,其机制包括大脑皮层线粒体功能降低、海马胆碱能神经功能下降以及氧化应激等。     

早期自然流产患者绒毛组织中核转录因子-kappa B的表达

目的 探讨核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)在绒毛组织中的表达及活化与早期自然流产的关系.方法 采用免疫组化方法检测早期自然流产患者和同期妊娠的健康妇女绒毛组织中NF-κB p65的表达;激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)检测NF-κB p65的核区与胞浆区比值(FN/FC)以观察其活化情况.结果 早期自然流产患者绒毛合体滋养层细胞NF-κB表达强度低于正常早期妊娠妇女,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);早期自然流产患者绒毛间质细胞NF-κB表达的FN/FC(0.7602)明显高于正常早期妊娠妇女(0.6977)(t=3.511,P<0.001).结论 NF-κB在早期自然流产患者绒毛组织合体滋养细胞中的低表达以及其在间质细胞中的过度活化可能与早期自然流产的发生有关.     

生存素在5-氟尿嘧啶诱导人绒癌细胞株JAR凋亡中的作用

目的探讨生存素(survivin)在化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)诱导的人绒癌细胞株(JAR)凋亡中的作用。方法用JAR细胞株进行培养传代,以不同浓度5-Fu作用于JAR细胞,MTT方法观察5-Fu对JAR细胞生长的抑制情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,用逆转录聚合酶链(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹技术(Western-blot)方法检测survivin基因和蛋白的表达。结果①5-Fu对JAR细胞的生长具有抑制作用,并有浓度和时间的依赖性;②5-Fu诱导JAR细胞凋亡,凋亡率随浓度而增加;③5-Fu作用后survivin基因和蛋白表达减少,随浓度增加而减少。结论5-Fu可能是通过降低survivin表达水平,诱导JAR细胞凋亡。     

Role of candesartan against cerebral ischemia and oxidative damage in normotensive rats

Objective Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) contributes to modulating blood pressure by stimulation of Ang Ⅱ AT1 receptors. We devised a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to assess whether oxidative damage is decreased after pretreatment with Angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 receptor blocker (ARB). Methods After 2 weeks pretreatment with ARB 0. 5 and 1 mg/kg, the male Wister rats were subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 24 h, the lumen diameter of middle cerebral artery, the plasma level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and HIF-1 a levels were recorded and compared. Results After pretrcatment with ARB 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, blood pressure did not significantly change compared with that of controls. In the group of candesartan at 1 mg/(kg· day), the lumen diameter was significantly increased compared to that in control group [(86.0±5.0) μm vs. (69.0± 2.1) μm; P<0. 01, n = 6- 8]. The plasma 8-OHdG levels of ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. In immunohistochemical findings, 8-OHdG- and HIF-1α-containing cells in ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. Conclusion Brain ischemia and oxidative damage can be reversed by AT1 receptor blockade in normotensive rats after transient cerebral artery occlusion.     

The changes of neuronal activity of the zone incerta in a rodent model of Parkinson＇s disease

Objective To study the changes in neuronal activity of the zone incerta (ZI) following the unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Methods Eiectrophysiological recordings of ZI neurons were made in normal rats and in two groups of rats at different time intervals after injection of 6-hydrodopamine (6-OHDA) into the pars compacta of snbstantia nigra by extracellular recording in vivo. Results The results showed a significant increase in the mean firing rate of ZI during the second and fourth weeks after 6-OHDA lesion [-n=32, (3.6±2. 2)Hz, P<0.001; n=35, (9.3±6.6)Hz, P<0. 001, respectively] compared to that of normal rats [n=39, (9.2±5.2)Hz]. However, no significant change was observed between two groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. With regard to firing pattern, 7.7%(3/39) of ZI neurons discharged regularly, 82.1% (32/39) irregularly and 10. 3% (4/39) in bursts in normal rats. During the second week after 6-OHDA lesion, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons recorded in the ZI were 9.4% (3/32), 59. 4% (19/32) and 31.3% (10/32), and during fourth week, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons were 14.3% (5/35), 57.1% (20/35) and 28. 6% (10/35), respectively. The firing pattern of the neurons in the three different groups did not change significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that the firing rate of ZI neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats is increased significantly, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.     

正常绒毛和葡萄胎中Mel-CAM标记中间型滋养细胞的增殖情况

目的探讨葡萄胎中Mel-CAM与滋养细胞黏附、浸润之间的关系以及Mel-CAM标记中间型滋养细胞(IT)的增殖情况。方法采用双重免疫组化法,检测Mel-CAM标记IT的Ki-67表达情况。结果葡萄胎中Mel-CAM表达较正常绒毛明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);葡萄胎绒毛表面有Mel-CAM标记IT出现,而正常绒毛表面则无;葡萄胎组织中IT的Ki-67指数较正常绒毛明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论葡萄胎绒毛表面有Mel-CAM表达,表现出双重分化方向,这可能与葡萄胎的发病机制有关;检测葡萄胎组织中IT的Ki-67指数对于预测葡萄胎的转归有潜在的价值。     

营养宣教对西安某社区成年人营养知识-态度-行为的影响

目的了解西安某社区成年人的营养知识水平,帮助其树立合理营养、平衡膳食的理念,以促进健康。方法随机抽取西安市某社区136名成年人,在进行多种形式的营养宣教前后,进行营养知识、态度、行为(knowledge-attitude-practice,KAP)调查,比较宣教前后调查对象对问卷中营养问题的知晓率、对营养教育的态度以及饮食行为的变化来评估营养宣教的效果。结果营养宣教后,该社区成年人的营养知识得以提高,饮食理念和饮食行为趋于合理。结论营养宣教可提高社区成年人的营养知识,能改善他们的饮食理念和饮食行为,在社区开展营养宣教活动是十分必要的。     

应用离心造粒法制备盐酸二甲双胍微丸的研究

目的研究离心造粒粉末层积法制备盐酸二甲双胍微丸。方法采用多功能微丸包衣造粒机制备微晶纤维素空白丸芯和盐酸二甲双胍微丸,并且通过产率、粒径和粒径分布、堆密度、表面形态和圆整度、脆碎度和释放度对盐酸二甲双胍微丸进行质量评价。结果以盐酸二甲双胍∶乳糖∶微晶纤维素=100∶5∶3的比例,主机转速150 r/min,喷浆泵转速20 r/min,供粉速度25 r/min,滚圆6 min,进行制备微丸,获得了很好的效果。结论所制备的盐酸二甲双胍微丸圆整度好,粒径均匀,硬度合格,流动性好,释放完全,无骨架结构。     

沙棘果油及沙棘籽油对大鼠放射性皮肤损伤的影响

目的观察沙棘果油及沙棘籽油对大鼠放射性皮肤损伤的影响。方法实验用深部X线治疗机,每次以3000 cGy的剂量,照射两次,造成大白鼠臀部放射性皮肤损伤。待动物症状明显后,将Ⅱ度皮肤损伤的动物随机分为6组,即阴性对照组、沙棘果油高剂量组、沙棘果油低剂量组、沙棘籽油高剂量组、沙棘籽油低剂量组以及阳性对照组。沙棘果油及籽油高剂量组,每天在损伤部位涂药两次,而其低剂量组每天涂药一次,阴性对照组每天涂灭菌的注射用水一次,阳性对照组每天涂Solcoseryl-Jelly软膏一次。结果肉眼观察结果显示,连续用药10d后,沙棘果油、籽油及Sol-coseryl-Jelly组动物的局部红斑、水肿明显减轻,创面分泌物明显减少,用药2周后,上述症状明显消退,与阴性对照组比较,明显好转;另外,沙棘果油、籽油及Solcoseryl-Jelly组的创面愈合时间明显缩短。光学显微镜观察结果显示,沙棘果油、籽油及Solcoseryl-Jelly组的皮肤损伤明显减轻,炎症反应亦明显减轻,创面修复明显。电子显微镜观察结果显示,阴性对照组的超微结构明显受损,而沙棘果油、籽油及Solcoseryl-Jelly组的损伤明显减轻。结论沙棘果油及沙棘籽油对大鼠放射性皮肤损伤有明显的治疗作用。