Automatic outer surface extraction of femoral head in CT images

Computer-aided hip surgery planning and implant design applications require accurate segmentation of femoral head and proximal acetabulum. An accurate outer surface extraction of femoral head using marching cubes algorithm remains challenging due to deformed shapes and extremely narrow inter-bone regions. In this paper, we present an automatic and fast approach for segmentation of femoral head and proximal acetabulum which leads to accurate and compact representation of femoral head using marching cubes algorithm. At first, valley-emphasized images are constructed from original images so that valleys stand out in high relief. Otsu’s multiple thresholding technique is applied to seperate the images into bone and non-bone classes. Region growing method and threedimensional (3D) morphological operations are performed to fill holes in the bone. In the reclassification process, the bone regions are further segmented, and the boundaries of the bone regions are further refined based on Bayes decision rule. Finally, marching cubes algorithm is applied to reconstruct a 3D model and extract the outer surface of femoral head and proximal acetabulum. Experimental results show that this method is an accurate segmentation technique for femoral head and proximal acetabulum and it can be applied as a tool in medical practice.     

Effect of orthogonal stiffeners on the stability of axially compressed steel jacking pipe

Load conditions for steel pipe-jacking are complex during the construction stage. The stability of steel jacking pipe has been an increasingly important problem as jacking forces, pipe diameters and jacking distances increase. However, there are no standards for pipe reinforcement, for prevention of buckling, or for remedying pipe that buckles when being jacked axially. Past experience suggests that stiffeners can effectively reinforce the structure. This study analyzes the effect of different stiffeners on the stability of steel jacking pipe under axial compression using finite element analysis. The results suggest that the stability of steel jacking pipe can be significantly improved by using orthogonal stiffeners, in terms of engineering costs and construction space inside the pipe. Based on current engineering practice, the application of orthogonal stiffeners is discussed. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of steel jacking pipe.     

Calculation of strain amplification matrix for strain invariant failure theory based on representative volume element models with periodical boundary condition

Strain invariant failure theory (SIFT) is a micro-mechanics-based failure theory for multi-scale failure analysis of composite materials originally proposed by Gosse and Christensen. In this paper, the approach for obtaining strain amplification matrix which is a key step for the execution of SIFT is improved by adopting representative volume element (RVE) finite element models considering periodical boundary condition, based on which more actual deformation mode is reflected. The deformation modes and strain data at the characteristic points of the centroid cell of multi-cell RVE model are analyzed and taken as a reference. It can be concluded that more reasonable deformation mode and relationship between the micro-mechanical and macro-mechanical strain states are obtained by employing the new model. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the determination of strain amplification factors within the RVEs considering periodical boundary condition at the characteristic points.     

CT reconstruction with priori MRI images through multi-group datasets expansion

Computed tomography (CT) reconstruction with a well-registered priori magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image can improve reconstruction results with low-dose CT, because well-registered CT and MRI images have similar structures. However, in clinical settings, the CT image of patients does not always match the priori MRI image because of breathing and movement of patients during CT scanning. To improve the image quality in this case, multi-group datasets expansion is proposed in this paper. In our method, multi-group CT-MRI datasets are formed by expanding CT-MRI datasets. These expanded datasets can also be used by most existing CT-MRI algorithms and improve the reconstructed image quality when the CT image of a patient is not registered with the priori MRI image. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of the algorithm by using multi-group CT-MRI datasets in several unregistered situations. Experiments show that when the CT and priori MRI images are not registered, the reconstruction results of using multi-group dataset expansion are better than those obtained without using the expansion.     

交通分配的粒子群优化算法

为了方便合理地分配交通量,提出了交通量多路径分配的粒子群优化算法。算法的求解方法是在粒子群算法中构造了路径条数维的粒子空间,每维对应一条可行性路线,其值为对应路径所分配的交通量;对粒子进行归一化处理,使交通量守恒,并进行交通量的多路径分配;根据目标函数评价与筛选粒子,直到满足终止条件。实例计算结果表明:利用粒子群算法得到的目标函数值最小,各路段分配的交通量没有超容量现象,模型求解过程具有方向性,对交通分配的网络规模无限制,因此,粒子群优化算法可行、合理。     

MUSIC波达方向估计算法的改进及仿真试验

MUSIC算法是一种子空间分解算法,它的各种性能已被广泛研究.在信号波达方向估计领域,MUSIC算法的应用,形成了MUSIC波达方向估计算法.实际应用中,MUSIC波达方向估计算法,拥有超分辨能力的同时,也存在原理性缺点——MUSIC空间谱不能反映目标信号的相对强度.文中在前人工作的基础上,对MUSIC波达方向估计算法进行理论分析,提出了有效的改进方法,并通过仿真试验证实了分析的正确性.     

基于RBF神经网络模型的混沌背景下谐波信号提取

在混沌时间序列前后向联合预测模型的基础上,提出前后向联合迭代预测模型并将之用于混沌背景下谐波信号的提取.对前后向联合迭代预测模型与前向预测模型的仿真实验对比研究表明,在叠加谐波信号幅度和频率不过小的情况下,前后向联合迭代预测模型在连续类混沌背景下的谐波信号提取性能较前向预测模型好,而在离散类混沌背景下的谐波信号提取效果都很差,但仍可用于检测微弱谐波信号.     

用于人脸识别的图像预处理方法研究与实现

提出了一种人脸图像预处理改进算法:将图片转化为灰度图像后进行去噪滤波,根据灰度投影曲线确定人脸的边界,依据确定的眼、嘴以及脸的左右边界这些参数对图像进行剪裁,根据人脸特征的几何关系确定人脸图像的缩放系数,得到标准化图像.解决了传统方法无法适用于侧脸和双眼闭上的人脸的问题.     

钢筋砼简支梁旧桥缺损状况计算机评估系统

钢筋砼简支梁旧桥在一些农村地区大量存在，许多桥梁已有三十多年的历史，近年来随着交通量的逐年增大，这些旧桥出现了不同程度的损伤。本文论述了通过局部检测来评估桥梁缺损程度的方法，制定了相应的评定标准，并用VB语言开发完成了相应的评估系统，以简易的计算机软件形式为这些旧桥的养护维修提供决策依据。     

铁路计算机网络管理及安全探讨

为适应铁路现代化发展，铁路计算机网络承担着客货运和行车安全越来越重要的任务，在新形势下有必要重新审视计算机应用的网络管理技术及其相关的安全技术，并采取与当前高速重载跨越式发展相适应的对策措施。本文基于自身的工作实践和经验之上对此问题进行探讨，供同行们参考。