浅析"7.20"碰撞事故的成因与预防

自由裁量权的概念及分类自由裁量权是指国家行政机关在法律、法规规定的原则和范围内有选择余地的处置权力。这些自由裁量权是从法学意义上说的。它是行政机关及其工作人员在行政执法活动中客观存在的,由法律、法规授予的职权。根据现行行政法律、法规的规定,可将自由裁量权归纳为以下几种:     

Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets

One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation.     

基于随机Petri网的指挥流程性能指标分析

Petri网是一种很有效的模型描述语言,适用于描述含有并行成分的系统。文章运用随机Petri网同构马尔可夫链的原理,对海上编队作战准备阶段的指挥流程性能指标进行分析。     

波状摆动式鱼类的推进性能研究

以开发适用于小型潜器的仿生操纵与推进系统为研究背景,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对波状摆动式鱼类进行了数值模拟,建立波状摆动式鱼类的数值计算模型,研究不同变形参数对鱼类推进性能以及尾涡流场结构的影响。结果表明,随着波长的增加,鱼类能够获得更好的推进性能。通过对比不同频率下鱼类推进性能以及流场结构,探讨不同滑移率及斯特劳哈尔数对推进性能影响。     

船舶总振动固有频率实用算法

分别用一维梁有限元方法和三维有限元方法计算3艘实船总振动固有频率,对计算结果进行统计分析,提出对一维梁有限元方法计算结果的修正,利用110000t油船进行验证。用一维梁有限元方法计算时考虑剪切滞后影响系数;用三维有限元方法计算时,是在ANSYS软件中建立全船的三维空间有限元模型,进行模态分析。通过计算证明该方法能有效改进一维梁有限元计算方法,可快速准确地预报船舶总振动固有频率。     

3 000 t海上运架梁专用起重船结构设计

简要阐述了3 000 t海上运架梁专用起重船的结构设计难点以及通过以有限元计算解决常规设计所不能解决的难点。     

A Mathematical Model of a Ship with Wings Propelled by Waves

This paper discusses mathematical modeling of a ship equipped with energy-saving wing devices. Therewith, the ship is mathematically represented by an elongated...     

针对儿童座椅拉拽失效的车身结构改进

在乘用车前期设计阶段,为让儿童保护的安全性能得到控制和优化,以某乘用车根据国家安全法规要求进行儿童座椅拉拽台架试验时,ISOFIX固定装置出现焊点从车身上拉脱失效为例,基于焊点热影响区损伤的焊点失效准则和钣金断裂失效准则,运用有限元分析对其进行虚拟评估和结构改进,有限元分析与试验结果吻合良好.改进结构通过了儿童座椅拉拽...     

并联混合动力汽车ECMS的时变等效因子提取算法的研究

为解决当前等效燃油消耗最小控制策略(ECMS)未能根据实际工况选取最优等效因子的问题,利用动态规划算法(DP)和ECMS各自的优点,构建并联混合动力汽车能量算法模型,即采用动态规划算法的等效燃油消耗最小控制策略(ECMSwDP),将等效因子作为全局最优算法的控制变量,通过对等效因子的离散全局优化,获得基于工况的最佳时变等效因子。在标准工况下对时变等效因子实时控制策略与全局最优控制策略DP的各项性能参数进行了数值仿真,验证了时变等效因子提取算法的有效性和等效因子初始值选取方法的可行性。     

基于直接CAA与SEA的汽车风噪预测与控制

本文中对某一SUV风噪的预测与控制进行研究.首先基于风洞测试进行风噪声源特性与传递路径的分析,发现泄漏噪声主要发生在500 Hz以上中高频段,车底风噪主要集中于800 Hz以下中低频段,而在外形噪声中,由车顶和四门传递的风噪的贡献大于翼子板.然后基于气动噪声直接计算法和统计能量分析对外形噪声进行仿真,并结合风洞测试分析...