家蚕耐热基因SSR标记筛选定位及开发应用

利用家蚕减数分裂过程中,雌性染色体上基因不发生交换而雄性染色体上基因发生交换的特点,用耐热家蚕品系东34和高敏感家蚕品系欧17以及2种类型的回交群体((欧14×东34)♀×欧17 ♂和欧17 ♀×(欧17×东34)♂)为研究材料,从公布的SSR分子连锁图中共选择84个分子标记特异引物进行耐热分子标记筛选.在第8连锁群上...     

Analysis of the environmental benefits of a motorcycle idling stop policy at urban intersections

In an attempt to reduce CO₂ emissions from motorized transport, the Taiwanese government introduced an idling stop policy for vehicles in early 2007. This paper seeks to quantify the environmental benefits of the policy based on a stated preference analysis. Motorcyclists were surveyed at urban intersections in Taiwan, to identify the amount of time they would be willing to turn off their engines while waiting at traffic lights (the WTO). A contingent valuation framework based on stated preference questions was designed to determine the WTO. Results obtained from the Spike model showed that the average motorcyclist’s WTO is 82 s. In another analysis, in which other variables were taken into consideration, such as the possibility that the policy will be enacted as legislation, the expected WTO increased to 101 s. In both cases, an idling stop policy would have positive environmental effects, reducing gasoline usage by 1021 L per hour and reducing CO₂ emissions by 0.56 metric tons per hour at the intersection studied during peak periods.     

“低碳经济”背景下公路隧道照明节能策略

目前我国公路隧道运营照明存在的突出问题主要表现在:照明设计参数有待完善、照明控制方式较为落后、照明节能理念存在误区、照明设施养护未得重视。文章基于建设"环境友好型"公路隧道理念,从系统工程角度提出公路隧道照明节能的15项重要措施,包括准确测试洞外亮度、优化照明设计参数、选择使用节能光源等,基本涵盖公路隧道照明技术性节能、结构性节能、管理性节能的各个方面。工程实践表明,这些技术和措施可实现公路隧道照明综合节能20%以上的总体目标,具有较好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

桃树坪隧道富水未成岩粉细砂预加固施工技术

富水未成岩粉细砂隧道开挖后围岩极不稳定,呈流塑状,极易出现溜塌现象、造成初期支护变形侵限,甚至大的坍塌,严重影响到工程的质量、安全、工期及成本。为确保施工进度、安全及质量,必须采取预加固措施。文章结合兰渝铁路LYS-7标段桃树坪隧道出口段的施工实践,介绍了隧道出口富水未成岩粉细砂地层的高压旋喷注浆预加固技术。     

一种快速除法算法的FPGA实现

介绍了一种新的除法算法,该算法是利用Taylor公式,用两次乘法操作和一张较小的查找表实现。整个算法采用verilog语言描述,设计灵活、实现简单。仿真效果表明该算法具备较高的精度与较快的运算速度。     

Modeling heterogeneous risk-taking behavior in route choice: A stochastic dominance approach

This paper proposes a unified approach to modeling heterogonous risk-taking behavior in route choice based on the theory of stochastic dominance (SD). Specifically, the first-, second-, and third-order stochastic dominance (FSD, SSD, TSD) are respectively linked to insatiability, risk-aversion and ruin-aversion within the framework of utility maximization. The paths that may be selected by travelers of different risk-taking preferences can be obtained from the corresponding SD-admissible paths, which can be generated using general dynamic programming. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the SD-based approach and other route choice models that consider risk-taking behavior. These route choice models employ a variety of reliability indexes, which often make the problem of finding optimal paths intractable. We show that the optimal paths with respect to these reliability indexes often belong to one of the three SD-admissible path sets. This finding offers not only an interpretation of risk-taking behavior consistent with the SD theory for these route choice models, but also a unified and computationally viable solution approach through SD-admissible path sets, which are usually small and can be generated without having to enumerate all paths. A generic label-correcting algorithm is proposed to generate FSD-, SSD-, and TSD-admissible paths, and numerical experiments are conducted to test the algorithm and to verify the analytical results.     

基于应变梯度的微切削第一变形区几何分析模型的研究

应用应变梯度塑性理论构建了微切削第一变形区的力学模型,在此力学模型的基础上提出了第一变形区几何尺寸的分析预测方法和影响因素,得出当材料的内禀长度l越小,即材料相对均匀时,第一变形区厚度赿小.当切削厚度增大时,第一变形区的长度增大.设计了正交切削实验来验证模型的有效性,实验结果表明随着进给量的增大,第一变形区厚度减小而第一变形区的长度反而增大.     

城市客运模式选择研究

国内目前各城市的客运发展存在着地域之间不平衡,发展面临问题众多的局面,行业管理存在较多待破解的关键性问题.本文从城市客运管理运营模式作为研究视角,通过审视和比较世界不同城市交通的发展模式,结合影响城市客运模式的主要决定因素,论证国内目前的发展阶段和城市客运模式,研究提出适合于中国特点的、可持续发展的城市交通发展模式.     

一种基于GPS和IC卡数据的城市公交出行分布推算方法

城市公交规划、管理工作迫切需要信息化技术给予定量的决策数据支持.公交出行分布数据通常基于居民出行调查获得,然而因其调查代价巨大不能作为常态化调查手段.短期的公交线网调整工作更依赖于现状的公交出行分布需求,本文由此提出了一种利用公交GPS和IC卡(含老年卡)数据推算现状公交出行分布的实用方法.当前在大城市常住人口使用IC卡作为公交支付手段已得到相当普及,采用基于车载GPS和乘客IC卡记录能够推断得到全日公交OD数据并用于公交出行量回归模型的标定.模型检验通过后,可结合人口数据和就业岗位资料用标定模型计算以投币作为主要付费方式的流动人口公交OD;叠加两部分OD得到完整的城市公交出行分布结果.该模型的有效性通过2010年郑州市综合交通调查实践得以验证,对其它城市具有借鉴意义.     

基于EMTDC/PSCAD的熔断器仿真模型

熔断器作为一种重要的电路开关设备得到广泛应用.运用EMTDC/PSCAD仿真软件,分别基于Cassie电弧模型和Mayr电弧模型搭建了熔断器仿真模块.仿真计算的结果表明,该模块能够准确地模拟熔断器的几种典型工作状态,为后面的仿真研究提供了保证.