轮轨冲击对构架疲劳的影响

以三轴机车转向架构架为例, 建立其轮轨冲击的运动微分方程, 通过龙格-库塔积分法得到了轮轨冲击的载荷时间历程, 分析了轮轨动态冲击对构架疲劳寿命的影响。利用有限单元法建立了轮对、构架、车体的整体有限元模型, 采用瞬态动力学分析得到构架危险点的应力时间历程, 结合材料的S-N曲线以及疲劳损伤累积准则, 进行了构架的疲劳寿命计算, 得到轮轨低接头冲击下构架疲劳寿命。分析结果表明: 构架的应力响应并不与轮轨处的激励同时达到最大, 且在激励结束后有一较长的响应过程; 轮轨冲击对构架的疲劳影响较大, 尤其对轴箱弹簧座处的侧梁下盖板的寿命影响最为显著, 在25.0m轨长的错牙接头作用下, 其疲劳寿命为5.15×10⁶km。     

Multi-try counter-meshing gears discrimination device based on MEMS technology

A multi-try counter-meshing gears (CMG) discrimination device based on micro electromechani-cal system (MEMS) technology was designed for some specified information fields. The discrimination deviceconsists of two groups of metal CMG, two pawl/ratchet mechanisms, two driving micromotors and two re-setting micromotors, which make the CMG withdraw by raising the pawls. The energy-coupling element isa photoelectric sensor with a circular plate which is notched. Micromotor is fabricated using the ultravioletLiGA (UV-LiGA) fabrication process and precision mechanical engineering. The discrimination device has thefunction which can automatically reset, with the correct resetting code, it can be tried another times.     

A bintree energy approach for colour image segmentation using adaptive channel selection

A new hierarchical approach called bintree energy segmentation was presented for color image segmentation. The image features are extracted by adaptive clustering on multi-channel data at each level and used as the criteria to dynamically select the best chromatic channel, where the segmentation is carried out. In this approach, an extended direct energy computation method based on the Chan-Vese model was proposed to segment the selected channel, and the segmentation outputs are then fused with other channels into new images, from which a new channel with better features is selected for the second round segmentation. This procedure is repeated until the preset condition is met. Finally, a binary segmentation tree is formed, in which each leaf represents a class of objects with a distinctive color. To facilitate the data organization, image background is employed in segmentation and channels fusion. The bintree energy segmentation exploits color information involved in all channels data and tries to optimize the global segmentation result by choosing the ＂best＂ channel for segmentation at each level. The experiments show that the method is effective in speed, accuracy and flexibility.     

区域航道网技术评价体系研究

本文结合区域航道网规划特点及技术评价特性分析,通过引入公路网技术评价的一些相关概念和评价指标,建立了区域航道网技术评价指标体系,并以苏州市2003年现状航道网和2020年规划方案为例,进行评价指标的实际应用效果分析。     

A New Proposal of Inverse-Time Characteristics for Overcurrent Relay Based on Microcomputer

The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays．In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays，a new time function for microprocessor-type relay is proposed．The setting of the trip time for this relay is performed by determining the shortest trip time and the longest trip time，respectively．The results of analysis show that with the new time function，the inverse-time overcurrent relay is easy to coordinate with other relays and has a comparatively shorter trip time，and that the fault happens in the protective zone．     

LB-10型冷补沥青混合料的制备及性能

为研究沥青冷补液各组分变化对冷补沥青混合料性能的影响,制备了冷补液组分设计不同的LB-10型冷补沥青混合料,研究了不同抗剥落剂掺量、沥青与柴油比例、冷补剂掺量对其施工和易性、马歇尔性能与水稳定性的影响规律.研究发现,随着抗剥落剂掺量的增加,混合料的贯入强度与马歇尔稳定度逐渐增大,柴油挥发率逐渐减小;而浸水残留稳定度呈先增加再减小的规律,在抗剥落剂掺量为0.36％时达到最高,为89.2％.随着沥青与柴油比例的增大,混合料贯入强度与浸水残留稳定度逐渐增大,且当沥青与柴油比例大于80:14后,混合料马歇尔稳定度明显增强,高于7 kN,但施工和易性下降.随着冷补剂掺量的增加,混合料贯入强度逐渐增大,而柴油挥发率、马歇尔稳定度与浸水残留稳定度随掺量的增加呈先减小再增加的规律,在掺量为1.7％时浸水残留稳定度达到最高,为89.6％.综合考虑冷补沥青混合料的施工和易性,马歇尔性能及水稳定性,应控制冷补液中沥青与柴油比例为78:20,冷补剂掺量为1.7％,抗剥落剂掺量为0.36％.     

基于卷积神经网络优化回环检测的视觉SLAM算法

传统视觉即时定位与建图（SLAM）算法若无回环检测可能会存在累积误差无法消除的现象,即使有回环检测,也因准确率和效率比较低而无法应用于轻量级设备上,为此,研究一种回环检测优化的视觉SLAM算法. 前端估计时,对相邻帧图像进行ORB （oriented fast and rotated brief）特征提取与匹配,对匹配成功的特征点进行PnP （perspective-n-point）求解,获得相机运动估计并筛选出关键帧图像;后端优化时,利用SqueezeNet卷积神经网络 （CNN）提取图像的特征向量,计算余弦相似度判断是否出现回环,若出现回环则在位姿图中增加相应约束,利用图优化理论对全局位姿进行整体优化;最后利用项目组制作的数据集和TUM （technical university of munich）公开数据集进行测试与对比. 研究结果表明:相比于无回环检测算法,本文方法可以成功检测到回环并为全局轨迹优化增添约束;相比于传统词袋法,在回环检测准确率相同的情况下,本文方法召回率可提高21%且计算耗时减少74%;与RGB-D （red green blue-depth） SLAM算法相比,本文方法建图误差可降低29%.      

开挖方法影响下的深埋隧道形变压力计算方法

为了研究开挖方法对围岩形变压力的影响,采用理论分析、文献调研及现场测试方法明确了其对围岩形变压力的影响规律;根据相应变化规律,基于多元非线性回归方法,考虑围岩级别、隧道跨度及隧道开挖方法因素建立了围岩形变压力定量计算公式;对54座隧道的205个实测形变压力断面数据（108个大型机械化配套大断面开挖施工监测断面、97个常规分部开挖施工监测断面）进行分析.结果表明:采用大型机械化大断面开挖方法,隧道开挖后围岩稳定,所产生的围岩形变压力小;采用常规机械化分部法开挖方法,所产生的围岩形变压力大;围岩形变压力计算公式中开挖方法影响系数k_c的取值范围为1.00～1.15,且围岩级别越大,k_c取值越大,开挖方法对围岩所产生形变压力的影响越明显.      

可穿越间隙理论求解二相位交叉口通行能力

本文在细致分析二相位交叉口车流运行特征的基础上,提出根据可穿越间隙理论与方法求解二相位交叉口的通行能力的方法。假定直行车流的车头时距服从一定的概率分布,据此计算对向左转车的最大可能穿越车数,得出左转车道的通行能力、二相位交叉口的通行能力,并运用上述结果对二相位控制的交叉口的交通运行质量进行评价,确定二相位交叉口的适用条件,为两相位控制向多相位控制的升级提供依据．     

无胀缝水泥混凝土路面可行性力学分析

本文考虑各种最不利条件下的参数,采用与实际拟合良好的公式对无胀缝混凝土路面的行车荷载及温度应力进行了较为详细的计算和分析,得出了无胀缝水泥混凝土路面可行性结论。