电力系统选择性保护仿真研究

针对船舶电力系统的特性,建立了电力系统选择性保护的断路器和熔断器数学模型,利用电磁暂态仿真软件搭建了全系统仿真模型。仿真分析了典型故障下各种瞬动保护设置方案的保护结果,得出了最优的瞬动保护设置方案。     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

One-dimensional model on fuel penetration in diesel sprays with gas flow

In diesel engine, spray penetration is usually changed by in-cylinder gas flow. Accurate prediction on diesel spray with gas flow is important to the optimal design of diesel fuel injection system. This paper presents a theory investigation focusing on the penetration of diesel spray with gas flow. In order to understand the effect of gas flow on the penetration of diesel spray, a one-dimensional spray model is developed from an idealized diesel spray, which is able to predict the spray behavior under different gas flow conditions. The ambient gas flow is simplified as ideal flow that has only constant flow velocity along x-axial and y-axial directions of spray. The x-axial and y-axial directions are respectively defined as along and vertical spray directions. The main assumption is that the y-axial direction gas flow has no effect on the penetration of spray along x-axial direction. The principles of conservation of mass and momentum are used in the derivation. Momentum of in-cylinder air flow is also taken into consideration. Validation of the model at stable condition is achieved by comparing model predictions with experimental measurements of diesel spray without gas flow from Naber's experiments. Furthermore, CFD simulations on penetration of diesel spray with gas flow were performed with the commercial code AVL-fire. The onedimensional model is validated by the penetration results with gas flow from CFD calculation. Results show that a reasonable estimation of the spray evolution can be obtained for both with and without ambient gas flow conditions.     

Experimental study of EGR cooler regeneration aided by oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP

Based on non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology fed by oxygen and air as the gas source respectively, the experimental system of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler regeneration was built to do a study at different regeneration temperatures. By measuring the concentration of main active substance and CO_x in regeneration process, the influence of temperature on regeneration aided by oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP was investigated. The experimental results indicate that EGR cooler can be regenerated both by air-fed NTP and oxygen-fed NTP at a wide temperature range of 18 °C ～ 300 °C. By comparison of the regeneration with oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP, it can be easily known that the regeneration effect is most remarkable at 150 °C with oxygen-fed NTP and at 120 °C with air-fed NTP. In addition, when the temperature is below 150 °C especially at 120 °C, the regeneration efficiency of air-fed NTP is lower than oxygen-fed NTP, nevertheless, when the temperature is above 150 °C, air-fed NTP has a superiority in regeneration and the higher the temperature is, the more obvious the superiority will be.     

基于动水及桩-土-结构相互作用的斜拉桥地震响应分析

为了得到更为符合实际情况的跨江大桥动力稳定性的地震反应分析,在桥梁抗震研究中必须综合考虑动水及桩-土-结构的相互作用。基于此,结合某斜拉桥,采用基于Morison方程的动水力简便计算方法来模拟水对桥梁下部结构的动水压力,通过大型有限元程序Midas/Civil分别建立了没有考虑动水及桩土效应和考虑动水及桩土效应两种情形下的计算模型,通过输入El-Centro波分析了动水及桩土效应对斜拉桥结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。分析表明动水及桩土效应对斜拉桥动力特性和地震反应的影响较大,因此在对跨江斜拉桥结构进行抗震分析时,应考虑动水及桩土效应对其动力反应的影响。     

燃料电池发动机系统空气加湿器实验研究

由于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)性能受反应气体的湿度影响很大,进气湿度必须加以控制,其大致范围应高于80%,低于100%。电解质的质子传导能力与水含量成正比,但水分含量又不能过高,否则会引起电解质淹没。当PEMFC在不加湿的情况下,工作温度升高60℃时,反应气体会非常干燥,这对质子交换膜是灾难性的,所以对反应气体加湿必不可少。通过实验证明了某型加湿器能够满足车用燃料电池发动机的需要。     

挪威海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度的经验及应用

挪威是世界上采用钻爆法修建海底隧道最多的国家,在最小岩石覆盖厚度取值方面积累了大量经验.舟山灌门水道海底隧道地质条件、设计断面与挪威已建海底隧道有类似之处,可以借鉴挪威经验确定其最小岩石覆盖厚度.文中总结出挪威海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度的海水深度经验曲线和基岩埋深经验曲线.根据舟山灌门水道海底隧道地质纵断面图,选择控制垂直线路走向的3个分析断面,应用挪威经验得到相应分析断面的最小岩石覆盖厚度.     

车载电子/电气部件电磁骚扰特性预测方法研究

在GB 18655-2002整车测试方法的基础上,对汽车电磁兼容仿真建模方法进行了分析总结,采用FLO/EMC仿真软件对发动机仓内干扰源的电磁骚扰特性进行了仿真研究,得到了在汽车设计阶段就可以进行车载电子/电气部件电磁骚扰特性分析预测的方法.仿真结果与测试结果的对比分析表明,该方法具有较好的实用性.     

集成铸造缺陷的铝合金轮毂疲劳寿命预测

为提高轮毂疲劳寿命预测的准确性,建立了轮毂铸造缺陷集成模型.利用所建模型对某低压铸造铝合金A356轮毂进行了模拟分析,预测了该轮毂弯曲疲劳试验时的疲劳寿命.试验结果表明,铸造缺陷集成模型所预测的铝合金轮毂疲劳寿命与试验结果相吻合;与局部应力应变法预测相比,铸造缺陷集成模型预测结果更接近实测水平,提高了设计效率及生产效率.     

BOOST、TYCON软件在50mL摩托车发动机开发中的应用

应用AVL公司的BOOST和TYCON软件,能准确地指出提高发动机性能所需调整、修改的方向,缩短了开发周期,为提升发动机性能提供了有力的技术支持。