现代城市"病"中的交通污染问题研究

从城市生态角度探讨了交通对城市生态的负面影响及其主要对策.主要例举了不良城市交通对城市自然生态系统构成的八大影响,和针对这八大影响可以采取的主要对策,包括宏观方面的对策和微观方面的对策.最后,就宏观对策和微观对策中存在的主要问题,以及对"先污染,再治理"的发展道路对现代城市病的影响,进一步的作出一些探讨和思考.     

泰勒公式在函数凹凸性及拐点判断中的应用

利用泰勒公式讨论了函数的凹凸性,并获得一个判别拐点的较为简单的方法.     

基于Logit模型的城市轨道交通接驳方式预测研究

为提高轨道交通与其他交通的换乘效率,本文考虑轨道交通出行者的个人属性、家庭社会经济因素、出行属性等建立基于Logit模型的城市轨道交通接驳选择预测模型。借助spss软件对模型参数进行拟合和检验,研究结果表明出行者的家庭收入、接驳距离、接驳费用等因素对接驳轨道交通均有影响。模型的精度高达81%,接驳选择预测模型能够很好地应用于对轨道交通接驳方式的预测。     

基于双向最大绿波带宽的通用干道协调控制数解算法

针对现有数解算法假定绿波设计速度固定取值的局限,提出了一种基于双向最大绿波带宽的通用数解算法.首先确定了相邻理想间距的取值空间.其次推导了上行、下行偏移绿信比的计算公式.再次,给出了理想绿灯中心线其上下方绿信比的计算公式.最后,以双向绿波带宽之和最大为优化目标,以上行、下行绿波设计速度与信号周期为优化变量,建立了最大绿波带宽优化模型.以实例验证文中通用数解算法的有效性.分析结果表明:文中通用数解算法能够突破上行、下行绿波设计速度固定取值的局限,能够更易于获得理想的绿波协调控制效果,具有较好的通用性与实用性.     

考虑行驶速度波动的进口单放绿波协调控制模型

考虑车队实际行驶速度在一定范围随机波动的特性,分析了满足车队队首车辆高速与队尾车辆低速行驶时均不受阻的约束条件,给出了相应的速度波动百分比计算公式,并以双向绿波带宽之和最大为一级目标,以速度波动百分比之和最大为二级目标,建立了一种绿波协调控制目标规划模型,并设计了序贯式算法及遗传算法求解该模型.算例分析结果表明,本文提出的模型能够较好地考虑行驶速度波动的特性,能够直接生成适于行驶速度波动的协调控制方案,能够使更多的车辆处在绿波带宽之内.     

考虑排队阻滞和换道的改进宏观交通流模型

考虑路段上车辆换道及交叉口处排队阻滞作用,对交通流宏观演化模型进行改进.首先在排队中考虑不同车道的速度、密度差异,建立了换道模型;然后在交叉口内部划分各流向排队车辆的累积路径,分析不同的排队溢出位置对其他车流的阻滞影响;综合考虑车辆换道及交叉口处阻滞影响,建立了改进的车道组宏观交通流模型;最后设计仿真实验对模型进行验证.结果表明,在高流量需求下,本文模型能够模拟出下游的排队溢出对其他车流的阻滞影响;且在低中高3种不同的流量需求下,改进模型计算结果与仿真输出的驶离流量基本相符,与原有模型相比精度更高;由此证实了改进模型的准确性.     

双参考点路径选择模型及其实证研究

针对日常出行决策中的不确定性,本文基于前景理论对双参考点情况下的路径选择行为进行研究.首先,以可接受的最早到达时间和工作开始时间作为双参考点,建立了基于前景理论的路径选择模型.然后,设计调查问卷,对问卷中4种情景下的路径选择结果进行统计,运用非线性回归方法估计双参考点路径选择模型的价值函数和权重函数的参数值,并将参数估计结果与已有文献的参数估计值进行对比分析.结果表明,单参考点情况下得到的参数值并不适用于双参考点情况,同时确定了价值函数为非对称曲线,期望到达时间偏于工作开始时间,在晚到的收益区间价值函数曲线斜率更陡.     

A Target-Orientated Marker Image Binarization Method for Orthopaedic Surgical Navigation System

Camera calibration is the key technique in a C-arm based orthopaedic surgical navigation system. The extraction of marker location information is a necessary step in the calibration process. Ideal marker images should possess uniform background and contain marker shadow only, but in fact marker images always possess nonuniform background and are contaminated by noise and unwanted anatomic information, making the extraction very difficult. A target-orientated marker shadow extraction method was proposed. With this method a proper threshold for marker image binarization can be determined.     

New Maintenance Strategies for Generating Companies in Power Market

A new approach to maintenance scheduling of generating units(MSU)in competitive electricity markets was presented,which was formulated as a noncooperative game with complete information.The payoff of each generating company(Genco)was defined as the profit from the energy auction market minus maintenance cost and risk loss.The compensation fee of interruptible load was a part of the maintenance cost when the permitted maintenance capacity in the system was insufficient.Hourly energy auction was incorporated in the computation of both revenues from energy market and risk loss of maintenance strategy as a nested game.A new heuristic search algorithm for the calculation of the game equilibrium of MSU was presented,which coordinates the solutions of non-equilibrium,unique equilibrium and multiple equilibria.Numerical results for a two-Genco system and a realistic system were used to demonstrate the basic ideas and the applicability of the proposed method,as well as its computational efficiency.     

Nonlinear Statistical Process Monitoring Based on Control Charts with Memory Effect and Kernel Independent Component Analysis

A novel nonlinear combination process monitoring method was proposed based on techniques with memory effect (multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA)) and kernel independent component analysis (KICA). The method was developed for dealing with nonlinear issues and detecting small or moderate drifts in one or more process variables with autocorrelation. MEWMA charts use additional information from the past history of the process for keeping the memory effect of the process behavior trend. KICA is a recently developed statistical technique for revealing hidden, nonlinear statistically independent factors that underlie sets of measurements and it is a two-phase algorithm: whitened kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) plus independent component analysis (ICA). The application to the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) simulated process indicates that the proposed combined method based on MEWMA and KICA can effectively capture the nonlinear relationship and detect small drifts in process variables. Its performance significantly outperforms monitoring method based on ICA, MEWMA-ICA and KICA, especially for long-term performance deterioration.