含地面再生制动能量利用装置的供电设计和节能指标评估

逆变回馈装置和储能装置等地面再生制动能量利用装置(GRUD)在城市轨道交通牵引供电系统中的应用逐渐普遍.针对GRUD的供电系统设计问题,首先建立不同GRUD的供电计算模型,并以此为基础,建立GRUD的优化设计与运营模型,设计阶段目标函数为GRUD寿命期限内的系统综合成本,运营阶段目标函数为系统牵引能耗.针对含GRUD供...     

宽频型迷宫式约束阻尼钢轨降噪特性试验研究

介绍了宽频型迷宫式约束阻尼钢轨的降噪原理,通过现场测试阻尼装置安装前后列车通过高架桥曲线段时车厢内、司机室、高架桥噪声数据,经过A计权声压级处理得出不同测点的降噪效果,以确定高架线路段阻尼钢轨的控制频带范围。测试结果表明:对于车厢内和司机室噪声,800 Hz频率处降噪效果最好,500～3 150 Hz频带内有效降噪5.0～7.7 dB(A);对于高架桥环境辐射噪声,2 000 Hz频率处降噪效果最好,7.5 m处平均降噪8.4 dB(A),30 m处平均降噪5.2 dB(A)。     

北京地铁区间联络通道冻结法施工技术

北京地铁一区间联络通道兼泵房采取冻结法施工,冻土帷幕是冻结法施工的关键所在。施工前对盐水温度、冻土温度、泄压孔压力进行现场监测,分析冻土帷幕发展规律,判定冻土帷幕各参数是否达到施工指标。通道开挖时获得冻土帷幕信息,以此来验证监测数据的准确性。结果表明:温度随着时间的变化先是急剧下降,之后缓慢下降趋于稳定;冻结壁交圈发生在泄压孔压力开始增大时,泄压孔压力稳定表明冻土帷幕基本形成。开挖施工获得的冻土帷幕信息证实了监测数据的准确性。     

一种新型汽车ABS整车检测系统

为了提高汽车ABS整车检测效率, 开发了一种新型的基于台架的汽车ABS整车检测系统。该系统利用飞轮的转动惯量模拟车辆在道路上运动的平动惯量; 通过扭矩控制器在4个车轮所在滚筒上加载不同的扭矩, 实现不同路面附着系数的动态模拟; 采用基于CAN总线的分布式网络测控技术完成台架的运动控制和车辆速度数据的采集; 利用BP神经网络自学习功能分析台架检测数据, 总结大量模式映射关系, 用训练好的网络实现检测结果自动分类。室内台架检测结果和道路试验结果对比分析表明: 台架检测结果与道路试验结果基本相同, 主要参数误差小于4%, 因此, 台架检测系统能够准确地反映装有ABS的车辆在不同路面工况下的制动性能。     

An Intelligent Response Surface Methodology for Modeling of Domain Level Constraints

An effective modeling method of domain level constraints in the constraint network for concurrent engineering （CE） was developed. The domain level constraints were analyzed and the framework of modeling of domain level constraints based on simulation and approximate technology was given. An intelligent response surface methodology （IRSM） was proposed, in which artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the optimization process. The design of crank and connecting rod in the V6 engine as example was given to show the validity of the modeling method.     

Effect of interference fits on the fatigue lives of bolted composite joints

The effect of interference fits on the fatigue lives of bolted composite joints is investigated by conducting mechanical tests. Static and fatigue tests are carried out on specimens made of carbon-bismaleimide composites joined together as double-lap single-bolt joints. The bolts having interference fits ranging of 0 (neat fit), 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% are performed. The results demonstrate the relationship between fatigue life and different values of interference fits. After the fatigue tests, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to observe the damage of the surrender and surface of the hole. The test results show that the interference fitted specimens have improved fatigue life compared to the neat fitted specimen. The NDE and SEM results reveal that the damage degree of interference fitted specimen is weaker than that for the neat fitted one.     

集美大学教学实习船“育德”轮总体设计

育德轮是上海船舶研究设计院为集美大学设计的用于航海专业教学实习、科学研究兼顾货物运输的教学实习船。该船是目前世界吨位最大的教学实习船,配备了功能齐全的教学设施、先进的科研设备以及舒适的学习生活环境。该船还具有安全性高、绿色环保和经济性优异等特点。     

行政裁决:地方政府的制度推力

在统计时间内有效的行政裁决制度共有16项,分布在自然资源和环境、知识产权以及民间纠纷三大领域,均为中央政府的法律、行政法规和部门规章所设定.但行政裁决设定的领域范围在逐步退缩,已设定的行政裁决被纷纷废止,新的法律更倾向规定调解或仲裁.行政裁决实施性规定多集中于与土地有关的行政裁决,其中绝大多数系由地方政府所制定.地方政府不仅做出了细密规定,而且纷纷制定了专门性规定.但在矿权、环境、知识产权和民间纠纷领域,地方政府并未充分发挥出细化法律、行政法规和部门规章中行政裁决条款的作用,更没有制定专门的行政裁决规定.有关行政裁决的行政规范性文件高度集中于征地补偿裁决、拆迁补偿裁决和林地权属裁决.其中,林地权属裁决的中央行政规范性文件较多,征地补偿裁决和拆迁补偿裁决的地方行政规范性文件较多.这些行政规范性文件的内容,集中在纠纷的化解而非行政裁决制度本身.从行政裁决引发的诉讼案件反观行政裁决制度,征地补偿裁决、拆迁补偿裁决和林地权属裁决都在运行,其他行政裁决制度都没有运行.其中,拆迁补偿裁决的运行异常活跃,征地补偿裁决的运行却极为低迷.统计发现的耦合是:凡地方政府对行政裁决制定了专门性实施规定的,行政裁决制度都在运行,否则都已停滞；地方行政规范性文件被用作行政裁决依据的多少,与该行政裁决的活跃程度成正比.当然,上述发现的证成或证伪,有待于另一项研究.     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

Subjective-utility travel time budget modeling in the stochastic traffic network assignment

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network.