Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Multi-Band Hybrid Mobile Phone Antenna Based on Electromagnetic Coupling

This research presents a multi-band hybrid mobile phone antenna based on electromagnetic coupling,which can be applied to mobile handheld devices, occupying a small board space of 39.7 mm × 15.6 mm on the system circuit board. By adding resonant and coupled branch instead of multi-feed on the traditional bent antenna,this design provides four wide operating bands of 0.772—0.998 GHz, 1.540—1.600 GHz, 1.680—2.270 GHz and2.300—2.690 GHz with the hybrid feature of planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA), L-shape, U-shape and S-shape structures, which cover nine-band, i.e., GSM850, GSM900, GPS1575, DCS1800, PCS1900, IMT200, LTE2300,LTE2600 and Blue Tooth/Wi-Fi. Ansoft software HFSS is used in this research to make the antenna performance better and the operating principle of the proposed antenna is described in detail. Result of simulation reveals that the maximum gains of these four wide bands are 2.20,-0.99, 4.01 and 4.05 dBi, respectively. Moreover, this research also tests the return loss(S11) of the fabricated antenna with the vector network analyzer and the result is in accordance with the simulation result on the whole. There are four wide resonant frequencies which cover nine-band of wireless wide area network(WWAN), wireless local area network(WLAN) and long term evolution(LTE), when the available bandwidth is better than 6 d Bi return loss.     

基于物联网技术的地铁机电设备全寿命周期管理系统

地铁运营设备种类繁多,其中机电设备在设备管理中占据重要的地位。而物联网技术的发展实现了多领域、多模块、多方向的信息互联共享,面对各个维度数据交融建立合理的分析管理平台是今后智慧城市智慧地铁的发展趋势。基于郑州地铁运营的设备管理体系,拓展全景信息支撑平台、状态监视、在线预警、智能诊断、状态评价、风险预测、检修决策以及绩效评估等方向。搭建地铁机电设备的大数据管理系统框架,通过现有的数据构成利用机器学习算法有效地进行数据挖掘。同时针对全生命周期成本分析、运维检修决策、风险量化评估3个方向进行算法模型分析,从而获取地铁机电设备的相关潜在规律,为决策层提供更多有价值的信息。     

路面结冰监测技术研究进展

路面结冰显著降低了路面抗滑能力,极易诱发交通事故.路面结冰自动监测和及时预警对于保障行车安全具有重要意义.结冰监测技术主要依靠各种类型的结冰传感器实现结冰的感知和预报.目前结冰传感器主要有光纤式、电学式、机械式、红外式等不同类型.对各种结冰监测技术进行了总结,并探讨了这些技术在道路工程中应用的可行性.     

汽车推力杆的相位摩擦焊接工艺研究

介绍了相位摩擦焊的焊接原理、焊接工艺和焊接过程,采用相位摩擦焊接工艺试制了汽车推力杆,并进行了焊接性能试验。试验表明,采用相位摩擦焊接工艺生产的推力杆,其各项性能均达到产品技术要求,相位摩擦焊接工艺具有生产效率高、焊接性能稳定、产品质量一致性好、制造成本低等特点。     

考虑热压实过程的乳化沥青冷再生混合料设计方法研究

考虑热拌沥青混合料铺筑对冷再生层的＂热压实＂作用,室内试验采用＂两次击实＂的成型方法成型马歇尔及车辙试件;理论分析了土工击实法确定冷再生混合料最佳总水量的不合理性,并推荐采用美国再生沥青协会（ARRA）建议的先由经验初试总水量确定最佳乳化沥青用量,再根据空隙率确定最佳总水量的方法;通过工程实例和试验分析,中国规范中推荐的15℃劈裂强度和干湿劈裂强度比确定最佳乳化沥青用量的方法存在不足,推荐采用40℃马歇尔稳定度指标确定最佳乳化沥青用量,而15℃劈裂强度指标作为性能测试指标之一;采用-10℃低温小梁试验测试了冷再生混合料的低温性能。     

轻型汽油车OBD法规分析和技术对策研究

汽车尾气排放污染问题越来越受到世界各国政府的重视,车载诊断系统(OBD)作为排放控制的重要技术手段之一,对应的OBD法规要求也愈加严格。文章系统地分析了当今欧洲和美国轻型汽油车的OBD法规要求,并针对性地提出发动机管理系统(EMS)所应采取的技术对策,为满足未来的国内外市场需求做好技术储备。     

车载无线充电技术简介

探讨了一种用于为手机等移动设备充电的小功率无线充电技术的车载应用解决方案,提出了应用该系统可能需要解决的问题和目前的研究进展,尤其是车载系统特别需要解决的设备固定问题和电磁兼容问题。     

沥青再生扩散模型及再生效果评价方法分析和改进

扩散程度是反映老化沥青再生进程的重要指标,而扩散模型可以更加直观地对回收沥青路面材料(RAP)再生进行描述。对比分析现有用于描述沥青扩散的模型、扩散理论、扩散效果评价手段及再生剂再生效果,总结不同模型、理论、试验条件间的差异,认为应进一步寻找一种更接近实际状态的RAP老化沥青膜,并加强评价方法的可行性研究。提出可通过模拟再生RAP老化沥青膜的试验方法,运用核磁共振(HNMR)与红外(IR)相结合的手段,观察再生进程并用沥青胶体结构的电导率方法对再生效果进行表征。     

合同外新增价格的核定

由于外部环境的不确定性,几乎所有实施建设的大型工程项目均存在不同程度的方案变化、合同外费用增加。该文试图从财务监理的角度,探讨合同外新增价格的核定工作重点内容,可供同行参考。