基床翻浆冒泥土的物理力学性质

随着列车提速和轴重大幅增加,基床出现翻浆冒泥病害的几率加大.为了进一步研究翻浆冒泥发生机理和探究其发生条件,系统研究了60多组翻浆冒泥实例,分析了翻浆冒泥土的颗粒组成、可塑性指标、渗透性及矿物成分等物理力学性质.研究结果表明:翻浆冒泥土中,绝大部分黏粒含量大于20%、粉粒含量大于20%,黏粒含量大于30%和粉粒含量大于40%的土所占数量最多;翻浆冒泥土中粉粒的含量一般要高于黏粒含量;翻浆冒泥土（主要包括砂黏土、粉质黏土、黏土和部分低液限粉质黏土）液限大于23%,塑性指数大于6.5;翻浆冒泥土渗透系数小于1.0×10-5 m/s;翻浆冒泥土的渗透系数与细颗粒含量之间存在较好的负指数关系.      

桥梁结构钢裂纹塑性区的研究及应用

为了研究裂纹塑性对裂纹扩展的影响,利用工程简化算法、应力函数法、扩展有限元法对桥梁钢裂尖塑性区的尺寸和形状分别进行了计算;由于平面应力和平面应变情况下尾迹场循环塑性的特性不同,利用不连续扩展有限元对两种情况下尾迹场的循环塑性和塑性累积进行了模拟分析,探讨了裂尖塑性区、循环塑性区的形成和尾迹场产生压应力的机理.研究结果表明:裂尖塑性区尺寸与应力水平（名义应力与屈服极限的比值）的平方成正比,当应力水平大于0.4时,裂尖塑性区尺寸需要考虑应力水平的影响;裂尖塑性区的形状以蝶形向前伸展,使裂纹尾迹场免受裂尖高应力场的拉伸作用,有利于裂纹闭合;裂尖塑性区存在材料的逆向流动,在循环塑性区裂纹表面的塑性累积产生压应力效应有利于裂纹提前闭合,这种塑性诱发的裂纹提前闭合对研究变幅加载、过载引起的裂纹扩展滞后有重要意义.      

轨道综合作业对高速铁路有砟轨道几何不平顺改善效果

根据高速铁路有砟轨道综合作业前后的轨道几何状态检测数据, 分析了以大机作业、人工精调和钢轨打磨为主的综合作业对高速铁路有砟轨道几何不平顺的改善情况。分析结果表明: 大机作业、人工精调和钢轨打磨的综合作业可联合改善轨道几何不平顺, 其中, 大机作业对高低、水平、三角坑不平顺的改善率分别为20.95%、12.90%和13.16%, 人工精调对高低、水平、三角坑和轨距不平顺的改善率分别为11.97%、5.56%、7.43%和6.12%, 钢轨打磨对高低和轨向不平顺的改善率分别为4.85%和3.88%, 轨道质量指数在大机作业、人工精调、钢轨打磨后的改善率分别为11.54%、6.91%和1.10%, 因此, 大机作业和人工精调对各个单项不平顺改善效果明显, 大机作业的贡献最大, 而人工精调可在一定程度上改善轨距不平顺, 钢轨打磨对高低不平顺和轨向不平顺进一步改善, 但对水平不平顺、轨距不平顺和三角坑不平顺等改善效果不明显; 经过综合作业, 单项不平顺与轨道质量指数均呈下降趋势, 其中轨道质量指数、高低不平顺、水平不平顺、右轨向不平顺近似呈幂函数趋势降低, 左轨向不平顺近似呈线性函数趋势降低, 三角坑不平顺近似呈对数函数趋势降低, 反映了大机作业对轨道几何状态改善程度高, 人工精调、钢轨打磨进一步改善部分单项不平顺的情况。     

城市跨江轨道交通对居住用地分化的影响——以湖北省武汉市为例

在当前城市交通系统建设中,城市跨江轨道交通建设对城市居住用地分化产生极大影响。利用结构方程模型,对武汉市跨长江地铁线路——2号线金银潭站、范湖站、积玉桥站3个典型车站的土地利用格局进行度量,并结合现状予以分析。研究结果表明:城市跨江轨道交通的开通使长江两岸交通互通性得以提升,进而引发高档住宅在城市跨江轨道交通沿线的集聚效应;城市跨江轨道交通的开通使沿线地价上涨、土地利用效率提升、土地利用格局变化,在商业服务、居住用地格局升级的同时,受市场杠杆的调节作用影响居住用地形成圈层式居住等级变化。     

铁路客运枢纽与城市协调关系及对策

在新型城镇化战略及中国大力发展高速铁路、城际铁路的背景下,城市既有粗放式发展模式需要转型,旅客对铁路客运枢纽地区也存在功能复合化的期望,铁路客运枢纽亟待加强与城市的协调互动发展。阐述了铁路客运枢纽与城市用地的互动关系,基于国内外发展实践总结铁路客运枢纽与城市协调发展的三种模式:城市更新型、中心导入型和新城带动型。从管理体制、土地供应和使用制度、投融资体制三个方面分析了既有制约铁路客运枢纽与城市协调发展的主要因素。分别针对铁路客运枢纽三种不同的发展模式,提出枢纽与城市协调发展亟待突破的体制机制及相关政策建议。     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Application of digital image correlation method to in-situ dynamic strain measurement

Application of digital image correlation (DIC) method to determination of in-situ dynamic strain is presented in this study. Firstly, an integrative software is programmed based on the DIC algorithms and point-wise least-squares fitting technique. Then, simulated speckle images are generated to study the computational accuracy of this software. The experimental setup and procedures for measuring in-situ dynamic strain through both DIC and strain gauge are proposed. The DIC results are close to those measured by strain gauge. This fact reveals that DIC is a practical and effective tool for in-situ dynamic strain measurement. Finally, the full-field in-situ dynamic strain of another specimen is measured by DIC, and the overall distribution of the strain in the measurement area is clearly shown.     

集装箱船舶装箱排序问题的两阶段算法

集装箱船舶装箱排序问题综合集装箱装船顺序与船舶贝内排箱,是一类典型的组合优化问题.考虑堆场发箱顺序和船舶配载之间的关联,构建集装箱船舶装箱排序问题的数学模型.针对构建的优化模型,鉴于已有方法难以直接对其进行求解,基于两阶段分层求解思想设计SWO-HES两阶段算法.算法第1阶段利用吱呀轮算法(SWO)大邻域导向式搜索的特点优化集装箱装船顺序问题;第2阶段将SWO的结果作为输入,基于启发式规则和演化策略算法(ES)构造混合演化策略算法(HES)优化船舶贝内排箱问题.最后,通过不同规模算例的研究,将SWO-HES与常见智能算法、基于实际装船规则的启发式算法进行对比分析,验证模型与算法的有效性.     

基于网络融合下通信运营企业的市场策略

随着新一代通信标准的建立,网络融合对通信产业的发展起很大作用,在现有通信网发展的基础上,通过价值网络的分析和规划,明确网络融合下通信运营企业的市场策略,从而为产业的健康发展提出建设性的指导方案。     

DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES IN OMENTAL FAT OF NORMAL WEIGHT AND OBESE SUBJECTS AND OBESE DIABETIC PATIENTS USING cDNA MICROARRAY

Objective To identify genes differentially expressed in omental fat of normal weight subjects,obese subjects and obese diabetic patients. Methods Using a high-density cDNA microarray, gene expression profile of omental fat from normal weigh subjects, obese subjects and obese diabetic patients were compared.Results Totally, 119 and 257 genes were up-regulated in obese subjects and obese diabetic patients respectively,while 46 and 58 genes were down-regulated. A total of 77 genes, including PDK4, which switched from carbohydrate to fatty acids as the primary source of fuel, were up-regulated in both obese and obese diabetic patients, while 8 genes, including key enzymes in lipid synthesis, such as HMG-CoA synthase, fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, were down-regulated in both groups. Tyrosine-3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein θ ( YWHAZ) , a negative regulator for insulin signal transduction, was up-regulated only in obese diabetic patient, but not in normal-glycemic obese subjects. Conclusion The study demonstrated that decrease of lipogenesis along with increase of fatty acids oxidation of adipose tissue could be a common cause of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, while block of insulin signal transduction may trigger the transition from obesity to diabetes. Further exploration of these genes will be useful in the understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes.